Image sharpness is the most noticeable in video surveillance systems. The criterion for measuring image sharpness is resolution. The larger the resolution value, the clearer the image. Now the maximum resolution of video images has reached 1080P, which is what people usually call HD. In fact, to achieve high-definition screen, not only the resolution of 720P or 1080P on the line, but also must be in ultra-wide dynamic, automatic white balance, image sharpness adjustment, super digital noise reduction (signal to noise ratio), intelligent digital automatic metering Compensation, brightness signal, color signal edge correction, automatic adjustment and recovery of damaged pixels, color adjustment and other indicators must have good performance. Only by meeting these comprehensive requirements can we truly achieve high definition. Because the image definition has an extraordinary importance to the video surveillance industry, high-definition monitoring technology has been widely accepted by the market and has begun to be put into practical use once it is available.
A camera is a device that converts an optical image into an electrical image and restores the optical image through a display device. The social needs of video cameras derive from the visual needs of humans for nature and are an important tool for human perception of the material world. Although video surveillance is used as a system to measure overall performance, there is no doubt that cameras are the most important component and gather many core technologies.
In the past two years, HD can be said to be the hottest topic in the monitoring industry. Major mainstream manufacturers in the industry have all launched their own high-definition products. In particular, high-definition network cameras are rich in models, peripheral peripheral equipment is relatively complete, and various IP high-tech emerged. System solutions have become the mainstream of current HD video surveillance applications. It is undeniable that due to the practical application of IP high-definition monitoring solutions, the capacity of video data bearing and application has been greatly improved, the resolution of video images has been greatly improved, and it has advantages such as high expansibility and centralized management. In recent years, in the security industry, IP high-definition monitoring solutions have been highly praised.
However, despite the IP network high-definition monitoring has various advantages, but also for various reasons, the IP network monitoring, especially for the network HD monitoring system as a whole, but also clearly exposed its weakness: due to the network transmission delay caused by non-real-time Sexuality, but also due to loss of encoding compression to display and record the image lost its original flavor, thus affecting its application. Therefore, things have their opposite sides and IP network monitoring is no exception.
In the process of human perception of the material world, the pursuit of high-definition has not stopped. The HD-SDI digital high-definition monitoring that echoes the high-definition monitoring of the IP network is the most important application example.
HD-SDI HD and standard camera CCD or CMOS sensors capture both uncompressed high-definition video signals and transmissions in analog and digital. Analog transmission generally uses YPbPr component transmission, and one HD video signal needs three coaxial cables to transmit at the same time. Digital transmission generally uses DVI, HDMI, or HD-SDI transmission. The transmission distance of DVI or HDMI is only a few meters. It is not suitable for remote transmission of monitoring images. The industry is usually used for connection and signal transmission between studio equipments. Although the HD-SDI signal can transmit about 100 meters and can be transmitted using a CVBS coaxial cable, it is usually applied to a signal transmission connection between a field acquisition device and a control device within a hundred meters.
HD definition is derived from digital HDTV HDTV. It is a high-definition television standard defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers SMPTE. It supports 1080i (1920×1080, interlaced), 720P (1280×720, progressive), and 1080P (1920). × 1080, line by line) Three high-definition television standards; again, special requirements are 16:9 display mode and full frame rate.
At present, SD digital code in the traditional surveillance system of the security industry can generally reach a resolution of 4CIF or D1, about 400,000 pixels, and the resolution is between 300 and 500 TV lines. If a high-definition camera is to achieve 800 TV line resolution, then The resolution of the camera must reach the standard of 720P (1280×720) at least, about 900,000 pixels; if it adopts 2 million pixels, it can reach the requirements of 1080P (1920×1080, progressive) high-definition images.
Nowadays, the security industry usually adopts the high-definition standard in the field of broadcasting and television to distinguish “HD†and “SDâ€. As a result of adopting radio and television standards: a camera capable of reaching megapixels, supporting a 1080P-resolution display device and corresponding transmission channels, a monitoring system can be formed called high-definition video, but the security video surveillance industry itself is still There is no universal HD standard. For example, the national standard "GB20815-2006 National Standard for Video Security Surveillance and Digital Video Equipment" issued in 2006 divided the DVR's grade into A grades (with a resolution of not less than 4CIF, 704x576) and Class B (resolution CIF, 352). ×288) Two kinds.
HD-SDI monitoring technology advantages Compared with IP network high-definition monitoring systems, it is clear that HD-SDI monitoring has the following advantages.
1, the original analog system wiring can still be used, the system composition and equipment management methods remain unchanged, upgrade from the old analog system, only need to replace the corresponding hardware equipment, almost no operation training, can smoothly upgrade from standard definition analog monitoring to high-definition monitoring .
2. The original image is not distorted. Unlike IP surveillance, which is transmitted through the network after being compressed and packaged, HD-SDI monitoring transmits the uncompressed digital signal at high speed on the coaxial cable without distortion.
3, high-definition real-time, not affected by the transmission network, there will be no image delay caused by IP network monitoring, in real-time monitoring requirements, the performance requirements are particularly important.
4. Provide more details, maintain the integrity and originality of the image, greatly improve the accuracy of intelligent analysis algorithms, and provide protection for intelligent video analysis IVS.
5. The density of camera spots per unit area has dropped sharply, which has improved the utilization efficiency of the acquisition equipment.
Objectively speaking, based on IP monitoring and monitoring based on HD-SDI have their own advantages, from the current security needs, HD-SDI monitoring is exciting. However, HD-SDI monitoring itself also has technical problems to be solved. For example, it is necessary to solve the long-distance (longer than 100 meters) transmission problem of HD-SDI; the supporting equipment is less mature, the number of manufacturers is less, the selection of manufacturers and supporting equipment is smaller, and the cost is relatively high; the popularity of the application and the user's Awareness is still far from the IP network high-definition monitoring.
High-definition camera composition and key technologies
A camera is a device that converts an optical image into an electrical image and restores the optical image through a display device. The social needs of video cameras derive from the visual needs of humans for nature and are an important tool for human perception of the material world. Although video surveillance is used as a system to measure overall performance, there is no doubt that cameras are the most important component and gather many core technologies.
In the past two years, HD can be said to be the hottest topic in the monitoring industry. Major mainstream manufacturers in the industry have all launched their own high-definition products. In particular, high-definition network cameras are rich in models, peripheral peripheral equipment is relatively complete, and various IP high-tech emerged. System solutions have become the mainstream of current HD video surveillance applications. It is undeniable that due to the practical application of IP high-definition monitoring solutions, the capacity of video data bearing and application has been greatly improved, the resolution of video images has been greatly improved, and it has advantages such as high expansibility and centralized management. In recent years, in the security industry, IP high-definition monitoring solutions have been highly praised.
However, despite the IP network high-definition monitoring has various advantages, but also for various reasons, the IP network monitoring, especially for the network HD monitoring system as a whole, but also clearly exposed its weakness: due to the network transmission delay caused by non-real-time Sexuality, but also due to loss of encoding compression to display and record the image lost its original flavor, thus affecting its application. Therefore, things have their opposite sides and IP network monitoring is no exception.
In the process of human perception of the material world, the pursuit of high-definition has not stopped. The HD-SDI digital high-definition monitoring that echoes the high-definition monitoring of the IP network is the most important application example.
HD-SDI HD and standard camera CCD or CMOS sensors capture both uncompressed high-definition video signals and transmissions in analog and digital. Analog transmission generally uses YPbPr component transmission, and one HD video signal needs three coaxial cables to transmit at the same time. Digital transmission generally uses DVI, HDMI, or HD-SDI transmission. The transmission distance of DVI or HDMI is only a few meters. It is not suitable for remote transmission of monitoring images. The industry is usually used for connection and signal transmission between studio equipments. Although the HD-SDI signal can transmit about 100 meters and can be transmitted using a CVBS coaxial cable, it is usually applied to a signal transmission connection between a field acquisition device and a control device within a hundred meters.
HD definition is derived from digital HDTV HDTV. It is a high-definition television standard defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers SMPTE. It supports 1080i (1920×1080, interlaced), 720P (1280×720, progressive), and 1080P (1920). × 1080, line by line) Three high-definition television standards; again, special requirements are 16:9 display mode and full frame rate.
At present, SD digital code in the traditional surveillance system of the security industry can generally reach a resolution of 4CIF or D1, about 400,000 pixels, and the resolution is between 300 and 500 TV lines. If a high-definition camera is to achieve 800 TV line resolution, then The resolution of the camera must reach the standard of 720P (1280×720) at least, about 900,000 pixels; if it adopts 2 million pixels, it can reach the requirements of 1080P (1920×1080, progressive) high-definition images.
Nowadays, the security industry usually adopts the high-definition standard in the field of broadcasting and television to distinguish “HD†and “SDâ€. As a result of adopting radio and television standards: a camera capable of reaching megapixels, supporting a 1080P-resolution display device and corresponding transmission channels, a monitoring system can be formed called high-definition video, but the security video surveillance industry itself is still There is no universal HD standard. For example, the national standard "GB20815-2006 National Standard for Video Security Surveillance and Digital Video Equipment" issued in 2006 divided the DVR's grade into A grades (with a resolution of not less than 4CIF, 704x576) and Class B (resolution CIF, 352). ×288) Two kinds.
HD-SDI monitoring technology advantages Compared with IP network high-definition monitoring systems, it is clear that HD-SDI monitoring has the following advantages.
1, the original analog system wiring can still be used, the system composition and equipment management methods remain unchanged, upgrade from the old analog system, only need to replace the corresponding hardware equipment, almost no operation training, can smoothly upgrade from standard definition analog monitoring to high-definition monitoring .
2. The original image is not distorted. Unlike IP surveillance, which is transmitted through the network after being compressed and packaged, HD-SDI monitoring transmits the uncompressed digital signal at high speed on the coaxial cable without distortion.
3, high-definition real-time, not affected by the transmission network, there will be no image delay caused by IP network monitoring, in real-time monitoring requirements, the performance requirements are particularly important.
4. Provide more details, maintain the integrity and originality of the image, greatly improve the accuracy of intelligent analysis algorithms, and provide protection for intelligent video analysis IVS.
5. The density of camera spots per unit area has dropped sharply, which has improved the utilization efficiency of the acquisition equipment.
Objectively speaking, based on IP monitoring and monitoring based on HD-SDI have their own advantages, from the current security needs, HD-SDI monitoring is exciting. However, HD-SDI monitoring itself also has technical problems to be solved. For example, it is necessary to solve the long-distance (longer than 100 meters) transmission problem of HD-SDI; the supporting equipment is less mature, the number of manufacturers is less, the selection of manufacturers and supporting equipment is smaller, and the cost is relatively high; the popularity of the application and the user's Awareness is still far from the IP network high-definition monitoring.
High-definition camera composition and key technologies
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