How to use the accessories in the paving stone process
Stone has long been a popular choice for decoration in modern construction. However, when it comes to stone paving, various auxiliary materials like sealants and adhesives are often used to ensure proper bonding and sealing. These materials play a crucial role in maintaining the durability and aesthetics of the finished surface. If not applied correctly or if the ratios are off, they can lead to problems such as cracking, discoloration, or even structural issues over time. So, how should these additives be used, and what is the right proportion for each?
1. Sealant (Caulking Agent):
There are generally three types of sealants commonly used in stone paving, each suited for different gap sizes:
- No-sand sealant: Ideal for gaps less than 3 mm.
- Mold-resistant sealant (fine sand type): Suitable for gaps between 3 mm and 5 mm.
- Stone sealant (coarse sand type): Best for gaps ranging from 5 mm to 12 mm.
2. Adhesive (Binder):
Adhesives are more than just rubber-based compounds. They often include additional components such as solvents, curing agents, tougheners, preservatives, colorants, and defoamers. Common types include animal glues, synthetic resins, rubber-based products, and paints.
The surface where the stone is being installed must be clean, dry, and smooth. It should be free from dust, oil, and any signs of peeling or flaking to ensure strong adhesion.
During installation, a 6 mm notched trowel is typically used on vertical surfaces, while a 10 mm notched trowel is preferred for floors. The adhesive is spread using the trowel to create a textured surface that helps the stone adhere better, ensuring both flatness and bond strength.
It's important to note that the stone and base surface do not need to be pre-wetted before applying the adhesive.
Whether you're using a sealant or an adhesive, the correct ratio during application is essential for achieving the best results. Here are some common mixing methods:
1. Scientific Proportioning: Mix clean water with the sealant or binder according to the recommended water-to-cement ratio of 1:4. For machine-mixed applications, the water-to-lime ratio is usually 1:5. Slowly add the sealant into the container while stirring.
2. Full Mixing: Stir thoroughly until there are no lumps or clumps. Let the mixture rest for 3–5 minutes, then stir again before use. The mixed material should be used within two hours. If it starts to harden, do not add water—discard it instead.
Proper use of these materials ensures a durable, beautiful, and long-lasting stone finish. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and pay close attention to the mixing ratios and application techniques for the best outcome.
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