At the moment, when the eggplant seedlings are in the open season, do the farmers know that there are three kinds of diseases that directly threaten the seedlings and even make the eggplant seedlings work before they are abandoned. In order to avoid the loss of vegetable farmers, the reporter is a researcher of Zhang Jining, a vegetable research institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and asked experts to talk about prevention and control measures.
First, eggplant disease
Symptoms: Tripping disease is commonly called small ankle. This disease occurs mostly in early spring nursery beds or nursery trays. Common symptoms include rotten species, dead seedlings and tripping. Rotten seeds are infected with germs when they have not been germinated or just sprouted, causing decay and death. Dead seedlings are seedlings in which seeds are germinated to extract embryonic stems or cotyledons, and are infested by pathogens before they are unearthed. The tripping is caused by the infestation of the bacteria after the seedlings are unearthed, and the true leaves have not yet unfolded, resulting in water-stained dark spots on the base of the young stems, which then expand around the stems, gradually shrinking into thin lines, and the tops of the seedlings lose their support ability. On the ground, the leaves of the diseased seedlings remain green. When the seedbed bed has a high humidity, the white cotton flocculent hyphae are often densely formed on the bed surface of the diseased seedling or its vicinity, which is different from the blight.
Routes of transmission and disease conditions: The pathogens overwinter with the diseased bodies in the soil. When the conditions are appropriate, they are spread to the seedlings by rainwater or irrigation water, and invade from the base of the stems, and the incubation period is 1-2 days. The pathogen enjoys a high temperature of 34-36 ° C, but it can also grow under the low temperature condition of 8-9 ° C. Therefore, when the temperature of the seed bed is low, the seedling grows slowly, and when it encounters high humidity, the susceptible period is elongated and it is easy to trip. Disease, especially in the seedling period, there is continuous rainy weather, insufficient light, and the seedlings grow weak and seriously affected. If the cold seed is infested during the nursery period, if you do not pay attention to the wind, it will aggravate the occurrence of the disease. When the seedling cortex is corked, the true leaves grow and gradually enter the disease resistance stage.
Control methods: (1) Select nursery sites that are easy to ventilate and dehumidify, strengthen seedbed management, avoid low temperature and high humidity conditions, and do not water in rainy days. (2) Select the varieties that are resistant to rickets according to local customs. (3) Spraying 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05%-0.1% calcium chloride at the seedling stage to improve disease resistance. (4) Chemical control. For every square meter of seedbed, you can choose 9-10 grams of nitrochloronitrobenzene, mix fine soil 4.0-4.5 kilograms, mix well, and pour the bottom water before sowing. After the water seeps, take 1/3 of the soil to the surface. On the top, the remaining 2/3 of the soil is covered with seeds after sowing, and the disease prevention effect is above 90%. (5) If the bed soil treatment is not carried out, after the emergence of the seedlings, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 40% quinine nitrobenzene 500 times suspension or 64% chlorpyrifos WP 500 times solution can be used. 1, 7 to 10 days, depending on the condition of prevention and treatment 1-2 times.
Second, eggplant blight
Symptoms: Blight disease is also called mildew root. The newly explanted eggplant seedlings and seedlings can be harmed, but it usually occurs in the middle and late stages of seedling raising. The stem base of the diseased seed produces elliptical dark brown lesions, and then the diseased part shrinks and the stems and leaves stagnate and die; the slightly larger seedlings wilted during the day and recover at night. When the lesions circle around the stem, the seedlings gradually die, but not Upside down. The elliptical dark brown spot on the diseased part has a concentric pattern and a pale brown spider silk mold, which is an important feature distinguishing the disease from the disease.
Transmission route and disease conditions: The mycelium or sclerotia overwinter in the soil or in the diseased body, and generally survives in the soil for 2-3 years. The hyphae can directly invade and be transported by rainwater, running water, agricultural tools and compost. The pathogen development temperature is 24 ° C, the highest is 40-42 ° C, the lowest is 13-15 ° C, suitable for PH 3 -9.5. Seeding is too dense, the seedlings are not timely, and the temperature is too high, it is easy to induce the blight.
Control methods: (1) Strengthen the management of seedbed, pay attention to improve the ground temperature, scientifically release the wind, and prevent the occurrence of high temperature and high humidity conditions in the seedbed or nursery tray. (2) Spraying 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the seedling stage can enhance disease resistance. (3) Seed dressing. Seed dressing with 40% seed by weight of 40%. (4) Pharmacy treatment. Mix with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene and thiram 1:1, apply 8 grams per square meter of seedbed. The treatment method is the same as the disease. (5) In the early stage of the disease, spray with 5% Jinggangmycin water 1500 times solution or 20% methyl chlorophosphate 1200 times solution. When the disease is mixed and the blight is mixed, 72% of the 72% Plex water agent can be used. The solution is sprayed with 50% Fumei double wettable powder 800 times, once every 7-10 days, and continuously controlled 2-3 times.
Third, eggplant roots
Symptoms: After the seedling stage or colonization, the eggplant does not grow new roots. The surface of the young roots is initially rust brown, and then gradually decays, causing the upper leaves to turn yellow, severe wilting and dead, and the seedlings are easily pulled up.
Transmission route and disease conditions: mainly the ground temperature is lower than 12 °C, and the duration is longer, coupled with excessive watering or rainy weather, the seedbed temperature and ground temperature are too low, and the wilting time is long, the roots will occur. After the roots of the roots, the cotyledons or true leaves are yellow-green or milky yellow, and the leaves begin to dry and the growth is extremely slow. In the cotyledon stage, the roots are found, and the cotyledons are dried. When the roots of the leaves are found in a true leaf stage, the true leaves will be scorched. Therefore, the time and cause of the roots can be judged from the performance of the roots. Long-term low temperature of 5-6 ° C, especially the low temperature at night, the growth point stops growing, the edge of the old leaves gradually brown, causing the dried eggplant to die.
Control methods: (1) Strengthen the ground temperature management during the nursery period to avoid the low temperature or excessive humidity of the seedbed and scientific release. (2) Control the temperature of the seedbed at around 16 °C, generally not lower than 12 °C, so that the seedlings thrive. (3) Strictly prevent flooding. (4) After a slight rooting, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time and raise the ground temperature. After the new root grows, it will be transferred to normal management.
From: Shanxi Farmers Daily
First, eggplant disease
Symptoms: Tripping disease is commonly called small ankle. This disease occurs mostly in early spring nursery beds or nursery trays. Common symptoms include rotten species, dead seedlings and tripping. Rotten seeds are infected with germs when they have not been germinated or just sprouted, causing decay and death. Dead seedlings are seedlings in which seeds are germinated to extract embryonic stems or cotyledons, and are infested by pathogens before they are unearthed. The tripping is caused by the infestation of the bacteria after the seedlings are unearthed, and the true leaves have not yet unfolded, resulting in water-stained dark spots on the base of the young stems, which then expand around the stems, gradually shrinking into thin lines, and the tops of the seedlings lose their support ability. On the ground, the leaves of the diseased seedlings remain green. When the seedbed bed has a high humidity, the white cotton flocculent hyphae are often densely formed on the bed surface of the diseased seedling or its vicinity, which is different from the blight.
Routes of transmission and disease conditions: The pathogens overwinter with the diseased bodies in the soil. When the conditions are appropriate, they are spread to the seedlings by rainwater or irrigation water, and invade from the base of the stems, and the incubation period is 1-2 days. The pathogen enjoys a high temperature of 34-36 ° C, but it can also grow under the low temperature condition of 8-9 ° C. Therefore, when the temperature of the seed bed is low, the seedling grows slowly, and when it encounters high humidity, the susceptible period is elongated and it is easy to trip. Disease, especially in the seedling period, there is continuous rainy weather, insufficient light, and the seedlings grow weak and seriously affected. If the cold seed is infested during the nursery period, if you do not pay attention to the wind, it will aggravate the occurrence of the disease. When the seedling cortex is corked, the true leaves grow and gradually enter the disease resistance stage.
Control methods: (1) Select nursery sites that are easy to ventilate and dehumidify, strengthen seedbed management, avoid low temperature and high humidity conditions, and do not water in rainy days. (2) Select the varieties that are resistant to rickets according to local customs. (3) Spraying 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05%-0.1% calcium chloride at the seedling stage to improve disease resistance. (4) Chemical control. For every square meter of seedbed, you can choose 9-10 grams of nitrochloronitrobenzene, mix fine soil 4.0-4.5 kilograms, mix well, and pour the bottom water before sowing. After the water seeps, take 1/3 of the soil to the surface. On the top, the remaining 2/3 of the soil is covered with seeds after sowing, and the disease prevention effect is above 90%. (5) If the bed soil treatment is not carried out, after the emergence of the seedlings, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 40% quinine nitrobenzene 500 times suspension or 64% chlorpyrifos WP 500 times solution can be used. 1, 7 to 10 days, depending on the condition of prevention and treatment 1-2 times.
Second, eggplant blight
Symptoms: Blight disease is also called mildew root. The newly explanted eggplant seedlings and seedlings can be harmed, but it usually occurs in the middle and late stages of seedling raising. The stem base of the diseased seed produces elliptical dark brown lesions, and then the diseased part shrinks and the stems and leaves stagnate and die; the slightly larger seedlings wilted during the day and recover at night. When the lesions circle around the stem, the seedlings gradually die, but not Upside down. The elliptical dark brown spot on the diseased part has a concentric pattern and a pale brown spider silk mold, which is an important feature distinguishing the disease from the disease.
Transmission route and disease conditions: The mycelium or sclerotia overwinter in the soil or in the diseased body, and generally survives in the soil for 2-3 years. The hyphae can directly invade and be transported by rainwater, running water, agricultural tools and compost. The pathogen development temperature is 24 ° C, the highest is 40-42 ° C, the lowest is 13-15 ° C, suitable for PH 3 -9.5. Seeding is too dense, the seedlings are not timely, and the temperature is too high, it is easy to induce the blight.
Control methods: (1) Strengthen the management of seedbed, pay attention to improve the ground temperature, scientifically release the wind, and prevent the occurrence of high temperature and high humidity conditions in the seedbed or nursery tray. (2) Spraying 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the seedling stage can enhance disease resistance. (3) Seed dressing. Seed dressing with 40% seed by weight of 40%. (4) Pharmacy treatment. Mix with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene and thiram 1:1, apply 8 grams per square meter of seedbed. The treatment method is the same as the disease. (5) In the early stage of the disease, spray with 5% Jinggangmycin water 1500 times solution or 20% methyl chlorophosphate 1200 times solution. When the disease is mixed and the blight is mixed, 72% of the 72% Plex water agent can be used. The solution is sprayed with 50% Fumei double wettable powder 800 times, once every 7-10 days, and continuously controlled 2-3 times.
Third, eggplant roots
Symptoms: After the seedling stage or colonization, the eggplant does not grow new roots. The surface of the young roots is initially rust brown, and then gradually decays, causing the upper leaves to turn yellow, severe wilting and dead, and the seedlings are easily pulled up.
Transmission route and disease conditions: mainly the ground temperature is lower than 12 °C, and the duration is longer, coupled with excessive watering or rainy weather, the seedbed temperature and ground temperature are too low, and the wilting time is long, the roots will occur. After the roots of the roots, the cotyledons or true leaves are yellow-green or milky yellow, and the leaves begin to dry and the growth is extremely slow. In the cotyledon stage, the roots are found, and the cotyledons are dried. When the roots of the leaves are found in a true leaf stage, the true leaves will be scorched. Therefore, the time and cause of the roots can be judged from the performance of the roots. Long-term low temperature of 5-6 ° C, especially the low temperature at night, the growth point stops growing, the edge of the old leaves gradually brown, causing the dried eggplant to die.
Control methods: (1) Strengthen the ground temperature management during the nursery period to avoid the low temperature or excessive humidity of the seedbed and scientific release. (2) Control the temperature of the seedbed at around 16 °C, generally not lower than 12 °C, so that the seedlings thrive. (3) Strictly prevent flooding. (4) After a slight rooting, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time and raise the ground temperature. After the new root grows, it will be transferred to normal management.
From: Shanxi Farmers Daily
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