(1) Solar panels: Solar panels are the core part of solar power systems and the most valuable part of solar power systems. Its role is to convert the sun's radiant power into electrical energy, or send it to a storage battery, or push a load to work.
(b) Solar Controller: The role of the solar controller is to control the working status of the entire system and play the role of overcharge protection and over-discharge protection of the battery. In areas with large temperature differences, qualified controllers should also have temperature compensation. Other additional functions such as light control switch, time control switch should be optional controller;
(III) Storage batteries: Lead-acid batteries are generally used. NiMH batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, or lithium batteries may also be used in small-scale micro-systems. Its role is to store the electric energy emitted by the solar panel when there is light, and release it when needed.
(IV) Inverters: The direct solar output is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, and 48VDC. In order to supply electric energy to 220VAC electric appliances, it is necessary to convert the DC electric energy generated by the solar power generation system into AC electric energy. Therefore, it is necessary to use a DC-AC inverter.
The factors that need to be considered in the design of solar power systems:
1. Where is the solar power system used? How is the solar radiation in the area?
2. What is the load power of the system?
3. What is the output voltage of the system, DC or AC?
How many hours does the system need to work every day?
5. If there is rainy weather without sunlight, how many days does the system need to supply power continuously?
6. What is the load condition, purely resistive, capacitive, or inductive, and what is the starting current?
7, the number of system requirements.