In the northern and southern cotton-growing regions of China, under normal climatic conditions, spring cotton typically enters the boll maturity stage from late August to early September. However, due to the impact of low temperatures and continuous rainfall, a large area of spring cotton is planted later than usual, causing the bud and flowering periods to be delayed by 7 to 10 days. Additionally, the proportion of intercropped cotton fields is increasing, and these fields are more prone to remain green and mature later. In such situations, implementing preventive measures becomes essential.
According to **China Pesticide Network**, one effective strategy for promoting early maturation is the proper use of ethephon in late-maturing cotton fields. Spraying ethephon can cause the cotton to mature 7 to 10 days earlier. This results in an increase of 10% to 20% in the flower rate before frost, with yields rising by 6.4% to 10.2%, and income per mu increasing by 30 to 50 yuan. Moreover, early maturing cotton fields also benefit other crops like wheat by improving sowing and yield potential. However, ethephon is a "double-edged sword." If used incorrectly, it may lead to reduced yields and losses rather than gains. Therefore, it is crucial to master the correct application techniques to achieve the desired outcomes.
First, choose the right cotton fields. It is best to apply ethephon on fields that are late in maturity and have strong growth potential, especially those with summer cotton or late-maturing hybrid varieties. For optimal results, select fields where over 80% of the bolls are between 40 to 45 days old. Avoid spraying on fields with normal maturity or those showing signs of premature aging, as this can cause the plants to age too quickly and reduce productivity. Also, do not spray ethephon on fine breeding fields, as it may lower seed maturity and germination rates.
Second, determine the appropriate timing. The effectiveness of ethephon is closely related to temperature, as it needs to be decomposed at temperatures above 20°C. Ideally, the application should be done about 15 days before the expected frost. In northern China, the ideal time is around 20 days before the first frost, while in the south, it should be applied 15 to 20 days before the main boll period. Local weather conditions should also be considered. In general, the Huanghuai region should spray around October 5th, while the Yangtze River basin is best suited for spraying between October 15th and 20th.
Third, follow the correct spraying method and dosage. Choose a sunny day without wind or breeze, and spray between 9 AM and 3 PM. The amount of pesticide depends on the growth condition of the cotton, the temperature, and the timing of the spray. For vigorous, late-maturing cotton under cool conditions, the dose can be slightly increased, but should not exceed 200 ml per acre. In the Huanghuai area, if spraying is done in early October, use 40 ml of 40% ethephon per acre mixed with 50 kg of water. If spraying is done in late October, use 150 ml of ethephon with 60 kg of water. Ensure even coverage by spraying from top to bottom, making sure each boll is coated.
A mixture of 40% ethephon and 2% superphosphate has proven to be highly effective. Spraying a 2% superphosphate solution during the late growth stage helps promote early maturation, prevent premature aging, increase yield, and improve income. On average, this method can boost yields by about 5%. Since superphosphate is acidic, mixing it with acidic ethephon enhances its efficacy through a synergistic effect. To prepare the mixture, dissolve 1 kg of high-quality superphosphate in 50–60 kg of clean water, filter out any residue, and then add the required amount of ethephon per acre. Mix thoroughly and spray evenly.
When using ethephon, there are several important precautions to consider. First, ethephon is an acidic pesticide and can be easily degraded by alkaline substances, so it should never be mixed with alkaline pesticides. Second, if it rains within 6 hours after spraying, reapplication is necessary. Third, harvest the bolls before applying the pesticide to avoid damage to their quality. Fourth, the stock solution is highly acidic and can irritate the skin, so proper protective gear must be worn. If contact occurs, rinse immediately with soap and water. Finally, avoid purchasing counterfeit products. Many fake or substandard ripening agents are available on the market, often unapproved by agricultural authorities. Farmers should buy from trusted sources and reliable pesticide manufacturers.
By following these guidelines, farmers can safely and effectively use ethephon to enhance cotton production and ensure better economic returns.
Welded Gabion Box
A gabion is a cage, cylinder, or box filled with rocks, concrete, or sometimes sand and soil for use in civil engineering, road building, military applications and landscaping.
Gabion baskets are wire containers made of hexagonal netting. The wire is double twisted and the mesh is reinforced by a wire border along the edges. The baskets are filled with stones and linked together to form a monolithic structure.
Gabion box, also known as a gabion basket, is a WIRE MESH container filled with stones or other hard materials. They are used in civil engineering projects to control erosion, stabilize soil, and create retaining walls.
Gabion mesh is the wire material used to make gabion boxes and baskets. It is typically made of heavy galvanized steel or coated with PVC to resist corrosion. The mesh is woven into a hexagonal pattern to provide strength and flexibility.
Gabion mesh is a type of wire mesh that is used to build structures like retaining walls, erosion control barriers, and other similar structures. It is typically made of steel wire that is woven into a mesh pattern, and then filled with rocks or other materials to create a strong, durable structure. The mesh is designed to be strong enough to hold the weight of the materials inside, while also being flexible enough to conform to different shapes and sizes. Gabion mesh is often used in civil engineering projects, landscaping, and other construction projects.
Gabion,Gabion Baskets,Gabion Box,Gabion Mesh
Hebei Aibuer trading co., Ltd , https://www.ablehardwares.com
