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Although Tesla has already dominated the market, its electric car's electricity needs to be charged instead of being self-sufficient. Internationally imaginative engineers are actively developing a new automotive technology that uses 3D printed components to not only make a car self-sufficient, but also allow unlimited mileage to relax on a sunny day. In fact, before the Antarctic bears reported a number of cases of polytechnic 3D printing technology to improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion, the US Department of Energy invested 2.2 million US dollars to develop solar 3D printing technology.
With the deteriorating global climate and the continuous consumption of non-renewable energy, people's use of clean renewable energy sources is imminent. Solar energy has attracted attention because of its clean, large reserves and wide distribution. Solar energy accounts for a large proportion of solar energy use. In recent years, perovskite batteries have become a research hotspot due to their simple preparation technology, low cost, and high conversion efficiency.
Currently studied perovskite batteries are mainly deposited on conductive glass (FTO, ITO). Due to the fragility of glass, the application of perovskite batteries is greatly limited. With the gradual development of wearable electronic devices, the development of flexible optoelectronic devices has attracted people's attention. Perovskite batteries are thin-film batteries, which have a certain degree of bending ability, and thus, the preparation of flexible perovskite battery devices becomes possible.
Flexible substrates are generally organic polymers, which have poor heat resistance, whereas in conventional perovskite cells, the metal oxide interface layer requires a very high sintering temperature (500-600° C.), which produces a flexible substrate. Destructive damage. In addition, the flexible perovskite battery uses ITO as the bottom electrode. The ITO sheet resistance is 10Ω/sq to 50Ω/sq, and the resistance is large, which has a great influence on the efficiency of large-area devices.
According to Antarctic Bear, the international community has also actively explored 3D printing technology. Previously, an Australian research institute has used 3D printing technology to develop a thin paper-like solar cell that can even provide energy for a whole skyscraper. . Oxolutia of Spain has also developed a new type of photovoltaic cell: Solar Oxides. Solar Oxides means solar oxide, which is a very flexible photovoltaic solar cell that can be manufactured by 3D printing.
Focusing the sun on the battery array, Penn State also invented the CPV panel. With 3D printing technology, the total thickness is only one centimetre and its material except for solar cells and wiring is composed of acrylic or plexiglass. However, CPV has its limitations and it only applies to areas with a lot of direct sunlight, like the Southwest of the United States.
MIT believes that 3D printing technology will revolutionize solar cell technology, not only increasing energy efficiency by 20%, but also bringing about material savings of up to 50%. With the close integration of 3D printing technology with traditional manufacturing technologies, we believe that not only cars but also the external walls of a building will be able to achieve energy self-sufficiency.
Huazhong University of Science and Technology aims to overcome the above-mentioned defects or improvements in the existing technology by inventing the structure of a flexible perovskite solar cell. Its purpose is to replace traditional low-conductivity ITO by using a high-conductivity metal as the bottom electrode. The bottom electrode resistance gives it the potential to make large area devices. It is reported that Huazhong University of Science and Technology also solves the problem of poor heat resistance of flexible substrates by collecting electrons using doped electron collection layers that do not require high-temperature heating.
The flexible perovskite solar cell of Huazhong University of Science and Technology consists of a flexible substrate, a metal bottom electrode, a doped electron collecting layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a transparent conductive polymer top electrode. The metal bottom electrode is a metal material deposited by magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, spray coating, or 3D printing. This type of battery has an efficiency of 11% under standard sunlight; its bending performance is strong, and its bending is more than 1000 times at a curvature radius of 10mm, and the battery performance is attenuated very little.
The flexible perovskite solar cell of Huazhong University of Science and Technology can be applied to power generating devices that cannot use rigid materials, such as curved walls and automobile tops, and can bend without affecting the performance of the device. Allowing the car to achieve the limitless sunny days of relaxation? We are closer to such a dream.
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