Fruit tree rot is mainly harmful to branches and is one of the serious diseases in apple production. Branch damage can be divided into two types of ulcers and shoots, usually mostly ulcer type. The disease has two peak incidences in a year. In March-April and August-September, spring is heavier than autumn.
Fruit tree rot is caused by a fungus infection. After infecting the fruit trees, the pathogens are lurking under the dead skin of the branches, cutting the slash, pest bites and old bark. When the tree grows vigorously and the branches are resistant to disease, the latent pathogens do not show pathological conditions; if the tree has more fruit, the nutrients are excessively consumed, and the frostbite, insecticide, or fertilization is insufficient, and the nutrition cannot keep up. When it is weak, the latent germs will invade by the machine, forming lesions and expanding.
The following comprehensive measures should be taken for the prevention and control of apple tree rot:
1. Strengthen management, enhance tree potential, and improve tree disease resistance. This is an important part of the prevention and treatment of rot disease, including five aspects: first, the use of formula fertilization technology, reasonable fertilization; second, strict thinning and thinning, so that the tree load is appropriate, to prevent the appearance of large and small results; third is the winter before the coating White to prevent freezing damage; Fourth, try to reduce all kinds of wounds, the cut sawing mouth should be painted in time; the fifth is to prevent spring drought and water accumulation in the rainy season.
2. Remove the diseased body and reduce the source of initial infection. The epidermis, rough skin, and sable skin on the tree body are the main places where the bacteria are latent, and must be completely eradicated.
3. Timely treatment of lesions. The purpose of treating lesions is to avoid dead branches and dead trees. The best time for treatment is the peak incidence period from mid-March to early April, and the main measures taken are curettage. The specific method is: first scrape the skin and the skin of the skin with a scraper, so that the diseased part and the health part are clearly visible, then scrape off the discolored part of the lesion, deep into the xylem, and then scrape off about one centimeter wide. Some good organization to ensure that the cure is thorough. The key to the technical treatment of the cure is to scrape thoroughly, the knife edge should be smooth, no burrs, and the shape of the sputum is set to facilitate wound healing. After the scraping, the diseased tissue should be taken out of the park and destroyed, and then the lesions should be coated. The edge of the applicator should be 2 cm above the edge of the lesion and reapplied once a month later. Commonly used effective agents are: 3% methyl thiophanate coating agent, Baume 5 degree stone sulphur mixture, 843 rehabilitation agent, rot disease and TOEFL ointment.
In addition, in recent years, the method of “spraying one coating two†to prevent fruit tree rot in Shandong has been very effective. It is now recommended as follows: before the apple tree is germinated, the rough skin is scraped off, and after the dead branches are cleaned, 100 times of liquid is used immediately. "Multi-effect anti-corruption spirit" sprays the whole fruit tree once again. After one week, the brush and the lower part of the backbone are brushed with a brush of 50 times, and the large cutting saw, and then a week later. Apply the second time, this is called "spray one coating two prevention method." For the orchard with serious disease, such as Dazhi in the first year and Xiaozhi in the second year, it can be sprayed once with 100 times liquid or 50 times. No need for prevention in the third and fourth years.
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