How to Deepen Enterprise's Emergency Rescue Work

In recent years, China’s emergency rescue work has achieved outstanding results and played an important role in safeguarding the last line of defense in production safety. However, at present, the level of emergency rescue for many companies cannot fully meet actual needs. Inadequate rescue efforts have led to accidents, poor rescue efforts have led to an increase in accidents, and even the casualties of ambulance crews have frequently occurred. According to statistics, in the analysis of the causes of most serious and serious accidents, there are problems in emergency rescue to varying degrees. The problems involved in the preparations before the accident are handled, and the problems reflected from management responsibilities to rescue measures are numerous and severely constrained. The overall capability of emergency rescue is improved. Therefore, it is necessary to profoundly analyze the status quo of emergency rescue work, find out the underlying causes, and based on theoretical analysis, actively explore new measures for emergency rescue management.

1 Analysis of the status of emergency rescue management

1.1 Enterprise Emergency Management

First of all, the normal risk pre-control and hidden risk management and other work, and the emergency management work under different conditions are related to the progressive safety management process, but in some daily management of enterprises, the convergence is not close enough, some out of touch . In comparison, companies pay more attention to daily hidden trouble management, and weaken emergency management. They think that if they do a good job in routine inspections, they may not consider emergency rescue. Many companies' emergency management work is only routine and the quality is not high.

Secondly, the understanding of the emergency and rescue confused, that emergency rescue work is mainly the rescue after the accident, in actual work, focusing on rescue and emergency response, only emphasizing the preparation of rescue plans and drills, on-site emergency treatment program is not enough attention, some companies There are gaps in the on-site disposal plan. Even if the on-site disposal plan is formulated, the company will mainly focus on the formulation of countermeasures after the accident, and relatively weaken the emergency response requirements when the production is in danger or at the initial stage of the accident. It also shows that the accident relief is important and the emergency response is light. Propensity.

On the whole, the enterprise emergency management has problems of misplacement and dislocation. As a result, the enterprise's emergency rescue capability is uneven. Some companies have some rescue resources in terms of manpower and material resources and have certain rescue capabilities. However, not only are these resources unavailable at ordinary times? Effectively play a role, once the accident occurs, the role played is limited.

1.2 Emergency Plan Development

In accordance with national << emergency response plan guidelines >> requirements, companies set up comprehensive plans, specific plans and on-site emergency response plans for three types of programs, the problems in front of the disposal program already mentioned, the outstanding problems and other types of plans are targeted Poor operability, the first reason is the setting of the plan to be further improved and perfected.

First of all, the formulation of the comprehensive plan includes a lot of institutional content that is outside the emergency rescue management system, such as the emergency work principle, drill requirements, plans for the revision of the plan, etc., resulting in complicated contents of the plan, its own emphasis is not prominent, and pertinence is not strong.

Secondly, in the formulation of the special plan, companies set up multiple similar special plans according to the types of accidents, such as accidents involving coal mine gas explosions and floods. The Shenhua Group's company-level special plan has reached more than 30 categories, and its core content is basically the same. , and with some of the contents of the comprehensive plan, in fact, the plan is so detailed, too complicated and practical.

In addition, there is a lack of content of the plan, no mention of important linkage mechanisms, and so on, which is not conducive to ensuring the implementation of linkage mechanisms with related parties such as the government and external rescue teams.

1.3 Rescue team building

According to the relevant regulations of the country, the production company must have a professional rescue team with service agreement or signed it and must be able to arrive within the stipulated time. After the development and construction in recent years, China has now formed a certain scale of emergency rescue team system, and the country’s full-time mine and hazardous chemical rescue team has reached 933 , a total of 6.83 million people. Among them, there are more than 400 coal mines , accounting for 280,000 people. The professional rescue team is mainly established by powerful ( group ) companies, and the main target of service is the unit. Some teams are also responsible for the rescue of the surrounding enterprises. These rescue teams have played an important role in the rescue of accidents in China. However, it should also be noted that in the new situation, the development of rescue teams is also facing many problems that need to be resolved.

(1) The tasks of the daily work are not full, and the role of the rescue team in daily practical work has not been fully realized. Relief work has a significant imbalance. With the improvement of China’s security situation and the reduction of accidents, the rescue team’s rescue workload has been decreasing in the proportion of all working hours. The current average is less than 10% , and some even have no rescue missions all year round . The workload of other daily tasks undertaken is also less than 30% , and most of the time, mainly training.

(2) Large investment in team building. A 50- person mine rescue squadron costs an average of 700 to 800 yuan per year, including salaries , up to tens of millions of yuan, not counting equipment purchases and facility construction costs. The general ambulance brigade has a squadron, and the large-scale squadron has reached 8 to 9 squadrons and invested more.

(3) Lack of rescue funds. At present, the country has not established a clear rescue funding channel and guarantee mechanism. Not only is the daily expenses mainly borne by the relying company, even if the accident rescues, due to the poor economic efficiency of the troubled unit, it is unable to obtain sufficient rescue funds or is subjectively unwilling to pay. For various reasons, social assistance outside the company’s participation has become compulsory and unpaid.

(4) The rescue team, as a unit of a business enterprise, has only a huge investment and has no actual output. It has become a burden for the company and has affected the enthusiasm of the dependent companies to invest in the rescue team. In addition, the quality of some team personnel is not high, the rescue equipment is poor, the combat effectiveness is not strong, and the role is limited, which hinders the healthy development of the rescue team.

1.4 Rescue equipment supplies reserve

There is a lack of standards for corporate material and equipment reserves, and there is a large degree of randomness. Although some enterprises have a lot of rescue equipment and materials, they occupy a lot of funds and space warehouses. However, due to insufficient reserves of rescue equipment and supplies, and the occurrence of accidents is a small probability event, some equipment and materials have expired or have not been used before. Corrosion ; In addition, due to the lack of supporting equipment and other reasons, even if accidents are difficult to come in handy. In general, the company’s storage of relief supplies and equipment is difficult to meet actual needs.

Through the above analysis, it first reflects that the company's emergency rescue responsibilities and the abilities that it should have are not clearly defined. The company's emergency rescue work focuses on whether it has the ability to respond to early-stage emergency response or whether it needs to meet all rescue needs and directly affect the management of the company's emergency rescue management work. The management and emergency plan preparation, the establishment of emergency rescue teams, and the relief of supplies and equipment reserves further reflect the reality that the current emergency rescue management theory is lagging behind, the overall planning is inadequate, and the development of emergency rescue work is restricted. Therefore, we urgently need to deepen our understanding, profoundly grasp the characteristics of emergency rescue work, and clarify the management thinking: First, we must accurately position, clear management principles, and then from the systems and mechanisms to solve the problems of emergency management.

2 Theoretical understanding of emergency rescue management

To solve the problems existing in emergency rescue work, first of all, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of emergency rescue management from the perspective of understanding, and in particular to clarify the difference between emergency and rescue management work.

2.1 Division of Safety Production Management Links

According to the accident cause theory, production accidents are the result of unsafe factors ( harmful factors ) that result in the abnormal release of energy ( hazardous sources ) in the production system and act on the victim. According to the accident development process, modern enterprise safety production management should be divided into four links:

The first is risk pre-control. Before production, hazard sources identification, hazard analysis, risk assessment, pre-control measures and safety standards are formulated to prevent the occurrence of unsafe production factors ( harmful factors ) .

The second is the treatment of hidden dangers, and the unsafeness of man-machine loops in the production process.

It is a hidden danger that causes accidents. It needs to be eliminated and eliminated through investigation and rectification. Third, emergency response ( also called emergency response ) is an early or early stage of an accident. There has been a serious stage of danger. The abnormal performance of the production system has seriously affected the normal production, or the energy began to be released abnormally, but it has not yet caused Major personal injury, property loss, or social impact are objectively still within the scope of the company's disposal capabilities. At this time, emergency measures are required to take place, and quick response measures such as early warning, production suspension, evacuation, and disposal are adopted to prevent the situation from expanding and causing serious problems. ACCIDENT. The fourth is accident rescue, which belongs to the accident

The stage in which the enterprise loses control after the occurrence of a neutral accident has caused serious damage to its energy. It has caused serious consequences, or it is a serious threat to the safety of personal and property. The disposal of the situation has exceeded the scope of the enterprise’s own capabilities and requires external forces to be rescued through the government, enterprises, and ambulances. The team's linkages rescue trapped people and reduce losses.

2.2 Emergency Rescue Management Features

The four links have distinctly different characteristics. The first two links are under normal conditions.

Safety management belongs to the prevention stage before the accident ; the latter two stages are the safety management under abnormal conditions, and belong to the disposition phase during and after the accident. Compared with the normal situation, the frequency of occurrence of anomalies is reduced, but it is more difficult for hazards and management. At the same time, these four links are closely linked in chronological order, except that the first phase is the preparation phase before production, and there is no fixed demarcation point between the other three links. In theory, when normal production is seriously affected

In the event of a serious threat to life or property, it is an emergency point that requires emergency measures. When an accident occurs, it exceeds the capacity of the enterprise to dispose of, and it is the rescue point that requires external rescue. These two points are the demarcation points of different links. Depending on the specific circumstances, different companies will be different. Each enterprise must pass an assessment and define the emergency and rescue points of its own unit based on the characteristics of the industry, the degree of risk, the level of corporate safety management, and the emergency handling capacity.

3 countermeasures to deepen enterprise emergency rescue work

3.1 Adhere to the management principle of “ ( corporate ) autonomous emergency, ( social ) joint rescue”

In the current practical work, pre-risk control and hidden danger investigations have been widely accepted as safe production management under normal conditions. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee also proposed the establishment of "two systems" for safety pre-control and hidden danger management. . However, in the traditional management, there is no clear specific division between emergency and rescue. The existing laws and regulations in our country also do not clearly stipulate. Risk pre-control and hidden trouble investigation are often regarded as the same stage, collectively referred to as emergency rescue. Theoretically, according to the above-mentioned “four links” of safety management, emergency and rescue are two links that are closely linked, but have their own characteristics. In reality, through the statistical analysis of a large number of accidents at home and abroad, in the event of a dangerous situation or an early stage of an accident, the company can take effective emergency measures. When the accident develops to a certain extent, it exceeds its own rescue capabilities. Basically, they all started external rescue mechanisms, relying mainly on external rescue forces. Therefore, through understanding, analysis, and practical summary, it is suggested that in China's emergency rescue management, the emergency disposal work should be taken as the main responsibility of the production enterprise, and the accident rescue work should be used as the duty of the professional rescue team. It is clearly stated that the principle of emergency rescue management of “ ( corporate ) autonomous emergency, ( social ) joint rescue” should be adhered to, and the responsibilities of relevant parties such as government, enterprises, and professional rescue teams should be clearly defined, and a new management model should be established. The emergency link is mainly based on the enterprise, and it is clear that the enterprise itself should have the ability to handle its own situation in the event of dangerous situations and initial stages of the accident. The specific circumstances include the abnormal operation of the production system, which seriously affects the production ; or the energy starts to be released abnormally, but has not caused major injuries and losses. Or influences, etc. This stage is a key stage to prevent the expansion of the situation and lead to serious accidents. It should be clear that the company has the ability to respond to early warning. The emergency handling function was incorporated into the daily safety management of the company and the work in different stages was considered in a unified manner.

The rescue link is the stage where the accident development has exceeded the scope of the enterprise's ability to control, and it needs to initiate the accident rescue linkage mechanism. The government, professional rescue team and the accident unit perform their duties and jointly take rescue measures.

3.2 Establishing a Linked Emergency Management System

In view of the weak status of China's enterprise emergency rescue management, the establishment of an emergency rescue management system is an important way to enhance the standard management level of enterprises and emergency rescue capabilities. It is also an effective means to implement the principled laws and regulations in the specific implementation of the enterprise. Some companies have actively explored in this area, but have not yet formed a standardized standard model. At present, it is imperative to sort out the emergency management ideas, integrate the management elements, adjust the setting of the plan, and establish an emergency rescue management system based on the risk pre-control system and the hidden trouble investigation system. First, integrate the relevant elements of emergency rescue management, and adjust some aspects of the current comprehensive emergency plan to include the policies, objectives, plans, daily plan exercises, training management, accident emergency preparedness, and preparation and implementation of emergency measures. It is required to establish relevant systems to form a systematic and whole-process management and to solve the problem of “islands” existing between existing links and elements. At the same time, do a good job of linking up with the risk pre-control system and the hidden trouble screening system.

Form a unified enterprise safety production management system and establish corresponding assessment criteria.

Second, adjust the structure of the plan. The emergency plan, as its name implies, should be a plan prepared in advance for possible accidents. It should focus on the preparation of resources and technical measures in advance, and the rescue procedures and related job content requirements after the accident, in order to initiate the plan and carry out the work in a timely and orderly manner. time. The setup of the plan needs to be simple, clear and practical. Through the establishment of an emergency rescue management system, the relevant contents of the current comprehensive plan are adjusted to the elements of the system. The combination of the comprehensive plan and the special plan is collectively referred to as the ( joint ) rescue plan. Through simplification, the plan only includes the joint rescue plan and the emergency plan. The on-site emergency treatment plan is mainly applicable to the internal emergency treatment of the company ; the joint rescue plan is mainly applicable to multi-party joint accident rescue. A linkage mechanism for enterprises, governments, and rescue teams should be formed. In particular, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of all parties and ensure that the government, the enterprise, and the ambulance team meet with each other.

Through the major internal sources of risk, enterprise endurance and emergency response capability, emergency points and rescue points are identified, emergency points are reached, on-site emergency response plans are initiated, rescue points are reached, and joint rescue plans are initiated.

3.3 Establishing a multi-level emergency rescue team system

In response to the problems faced by the current rescue team construction, and in accordance with the characteristics of emergency rescue work in the new situation, and in compliance with the requirements of the relevant laws and regulations of the country, the current situation should be adjusted in accordance with the principle of “ ( corporate ) autonomous emergency, ( social ) joint rescue”. The team will set up an internal emergency response team with different responsibilities and a professional rescue team shared by society to form a multi-level and differentiated emergency rescue team system.

(1) Establish an enterprise emergency disposal team. On the basis of the company's existing part-time rescue teams and on-site professional rescue teams, the company will set up internal emergency response teams. The work of the team was incorporated into the daily production work of the company. The responsibility of the team was changed from emergency rescue to emergency response, and more production tasks were undertaken by the company. The company's own emergency response capability was enhanced. At the same time, fully tap the potential of the team, effectively play a role in reducing team management costs.

(2) Optimize professional rescue teams. According to the characteristics of the accident, the professional rescue team should not be appropriate, and should be combined with the construction of the enterprise emergency response team to further optimize the layout of the rescue team and reduce the distribution density of professional rescue teams. On the basis of the existing national backbone rescue teams, we will concentrate on superior resources and establish a capable professional rescue team. The team can be set up to rely on enterprises, but is not limited to serving the company. In the event of an accident, the nation will mobilize the command and achieve social sharing.

3.4 Establish Social Sharing Relief Material Sharing Mechanism

In response to the current situation in which aid and equipment reserves are incompatible with accident rescue, a mechanism for the sharing of socialized relief materials and equipment resources has been established based on the characteristics of emergency rescue work. In addition to the necessary emergency supplies, the enterprise shall, in accordance with the regional characteristics, rationally distribute, rely on relevant enterprises, establish a reserve base for relief supplies and equipment, adopt a centralized reserve or decentralized reserve, but use centralized dispatching, etc., and reserve rescue equipment supplies, through the appropriateness of relief supplies. Centralized use of management to increase utilization and reduce rescue costs.

3.5 Establish Rescue Insurance and Paid Service Mechanism

According to China << Production Safety Law >> provisions: production units in addition to having paid insurance premiums, the insurance to encourage safe production liability insurance. State Administration of Work Safety << guidance to promote the safety of liability insurance in high-risk industries >> states: insurance coverage is mainly financial compensation accident deaths and disability personnel, emergency rescue and recovery processing fee. However, at present, most companies only insure their personal safety, especially for emergency rescue cost insurance. In view of the current lack of channels for rescue funding, it is necessary to draw lessons from accident insurance practices in foreign industries and transportation industries in China, explore and research, and adopt legislation to establish a mechanism for accident insurance. The specific core ideas are as follows:

(1) Production enterprises participate in accident insurance, and the insurance company determines the amount of annual corporate insurance premiums according to the danger of the industry and the security status of the insured enterprise, including accidents and hidden dangers.

(2) The insurance company hires a third-party security assessment agency to assess the company's security status and risks.

(3) establish mechanisms for compensation for the rescue services, the insurance company pay for the rescue teams and rescue costs, also need to determine the amount paid by a third party rating agencies as standard. Through accident rescue insurance, solve the problem of rescue costs and promote the development of the rescue business. At the same time, the use of economic leverage to stimulate enterprises to do a good job of the internal driving force of safe production ; strengthen the safety supervision of third-party evaluation agencies, and promote the development of third-party review agencies, reduce the pressure of government safety supervision, we must do this work, need to study the solution

The issues of resolution include the standards and methods for the collection of fees, the definition of rescue costs, and the qualifications of third-party evaluation agencies.

At present, with the development of society and the continuous improvement of the requirements for safe production, emergency rescue work is constantly facing new challenges. Therefore, deepening our country's emergency rescue work is an objective requirement for safe development.

In addition, China’s emergency rescue work has accumulated a great deal of experience in both positive and negative terms in recent years, and has also created conditions for deepening China’s emergency rescue work. This article has only carried on the preliminary discussion, has put forward some superficial understanding, some thoughts in the text are still immature, hope to be able to provide some useful reference for the emergency relief work.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.