Some people rated “Don’t let kids lose on the starting line†the most hated slogan because it “misled the people’s blind attention to the starting line†and created “childhood panicâ€.
The “childhood panic†of domestic soybeans comes from the planting process. Whenever the revitalization of the soybean industry is initiated, the focus of attention will be on the investment in soybean planting. Only investing in research, not researching output, only researching production, not researching the market, the result is that the government sends subsidies to farmers, and the market does not approve after harvesting the products.
In fact, the crisis of domestic soybeans is not just a planting crisis. In the words of Tian Renli, general manager of Jiusan Oils, he said that behind the confusion facing the Chinese soybean industry, it is a question of agricultural policy, a problem of the capital market, and a macroeconomic strategy issue in the context of global economic integration.
A purchase and storage
For enterprises, "receiving" and "reserve" are all problems.
In the past, the oil companies needed to take their bags from house to house in order to collect soy, and shipping and labor costs were high. In 2002, the state promulgated a regulation that grain and oil processing companies should purchase farmer's grain from input tax and output tax. This was originally a policy favorable to enterprises. However, the problem was that the conditions for enjoying this policy were to purchase soybeans from farmers and ask for their identity cards, residence booklets and land contract certificates. This "three certificates" is indispensable. "It's very troublesome. Generally, the peasants' homes are just a few bags of grain and they can't be sent to the factory with a little donkey cart. He has to find a middleman. The grain dealers are not farmers, so we don't enjoy a tax deduction policy." From the current situation of contradiction, an oil company employee told reporters with helplessness.
For this, many companies would rather import than want to buy domestic soybeans.
For those companies that are "inventory full", the risk of "reserve" is not small. Zhang Deyi, general manager of Mingda Oil, told reporters: “We are all seasons to purchase the four seasons of processing. In order to guarantee production, raw materials needed for one year have to be fully reserved within three months. This is equivalent to putting money in a warehouse. Not only does it produce no profits, it also pays the 'interest' of inflation."
According to calculations, the cost of the company's reserve capital for each ton of soybean raw material purchased is 70 yuan, plus loading and unloading fees, short shipping fees, packaging fees, and storage fees. Each acquisition of 1 ton of soybeans also requires storage and storage costs of about 80 yuan. Just relying on "receiving storage", the cost of domestic soybeans has been high.
B transportation
China’s resource transportation has always presented the “Southern Movement†situation.
In 2006, Sanjiang's grain output was as high as 6.8 billion jins. The railroads relying only on a large amount of traffic, even at full capacity, were far from meeting demand. One train per day is to increase the number of cars. A car is calculated to transport 60 tons of grain. It is 2,400 tons a day and it can't be shipped for 3 years.
The food that enjoys transportation subsidies is still the case, not to mention the soybean as a cash crop.
Heilongjiang Province is a soybean producing area, but it is not a pinned area. It is located at the nerve endings and it does not enjoy special transportation policies like food. As a result, there is often no wagon when the market is good, and wagons come when the market is not good. Winter grabs the winter, summer grabs the summer, and the soybeans that are not food will never "get in the trough." According to calculations, the average freight cost per ton for soybean raw materials or products shipped from the producing areas to the sales area is approximately RMB 80.
In contrast, imported soybeans are unloaded directly into Hong Kong and raw material reserves are not borne by China. In recent years, most oil companies set up factories along the coast. Imported soybeans directly enter the workshop after being unloaded at the port. The freight per ton is up to 20 yuan.
On average, domestic soybeans must be around 200 yuan less per ton than imported soybeans, and they can compete on the same starting line before entering the market.
C needs
Soybean imports are increasing daily. However, insiders pointed out that the demand for domestic soybeans is not a consumer demand but a production demand.
In recent years, many oil companies have built factories along the coast, including Jiusan Oil. Each plant will increase the demand for several million tons. The reporter learned from the Provincial Soybean Association that at present, the production capacity of China's oil companies is nearly 80 million tons, but the actual demand is only over 40 million tons. More than half of the overcapacity, the highest operating rate of only 50%.
Jiusan Oil, known as "the last watcher of domestic soybeans," built a factory in the coastal area in 2004. Tian Renli, the general manager, told the reporter that at that time, many farmers were full of enthusiasm for him, but this did not stop the import of soybeans from September 3th. Tian Renli called the behavior at that time "escape." He said: "As a business, first of all have to survive." So it was also for Tianren Li "Do not plant" call now scoff, this Tianren Li reluctantly said: "I am in the coastal plant, not excess domestic capacity. But now, I firmly oppose low-level repetitive construction."
It is understood that although Jiuzhai Oil's five factories in Heilongjiang have stopped production, workers still go to work as usual and pay salaries as usual. They are supported by three factories in the coastal areas. Tian Renli attributed this to "the responsibility of state-owned enterprises."
April 28 this year, COFCO Tianjin Grain and Oil Integrated base a 220,000 tons grain and oil storage project foundation, the base plans a total investment of 4 billion yuan, COFCO fuel oil processing capacity will reach 6 million tons in Tianjin after the project is put into operation.
“In the case of excess production capacity in China, the grain and oil projects approved by the State for COFCO are also fuelling imported soybeans. If it is for the Chinese soybean industry, why not build grain and oil bases in major soybean producing areas?†Tian Renli said.
D foreign capital
Foreign soybeans are imported vigorously. Chinese bean farmers have not sold beans. Why is this?
After China opened up the soybean market, foreign capital has built many factories in China. From soybean oil processing enterprises to issue the researchers, all those associated with soybean in this matter are clear: absolutely not to rely on these foreign factories to make money, but to be realized profits upstream open up the low end of the industry chain.
Tianren Li to reporters, for example: "Before July last year, the RMB appreciation, we import soybeans settled in US dollars, equal to 12% of net profit per ton was his own was to see such a high profit feel embarrassed, it was also making money. so easy!"
Tian Renli used this indicator to analyze foreign oil companies and discovered a frightening problem: If they use imported soybeans, we use domestic soybeans. When the market is not good, people will make profits, fight low-price battles, and 12% of profits will be at the bottom. We There must be no doubt. According to reports, the overall profitability of multinational companies is above 10%, while the domestic soybean processing industry profit rate is less than 2%. Tian Renli believes that as long as multinational corporations take up two percentage points, the national soybean enterprises will all close down.
When domestic oil and fat processing companies use imported genetically modified soybeans as raw materials, soybean farmers will abandon the cultivation of non-genetically modified soybeans without profit, and cross-border grain merchants will not be able to continue to operate domestic oil-sucking companies by manipulating the prices of international soybeans and channeling them.
This is the source of panic in the domestic soybean market.
The Chinese soybean industry has always been tangled in the "shadow of childhood," but it has increasingly ignored the multiple risks existing in the "acquired" circulation link, leaving the once-consequent domestic soybeans once again losing their fair share in the confrontation with imported GM soybeans. Opportunities for competition.