Basic content of combat operations

1. What is the content of the tactical guiding ideology for fire fighting? How is it understood?

Answer: The content of the guiding ideology for fire tactics: save people first and accurately, and concentrate troops to fight annihilation.

Understanding: Saving people first and accurately and rapidly is the general requirement for fighting fires. It should be carried out throughout the fire fighting. Concentrating troops is the precondition for fighting annihilation, and fighting annihilation is the essence and purpose of concentrating troops.

“Saving the first person” means that in the rescue of fires and other disasters, saving lives and evacuating people are a priority.

"Accurate and prompt," that is, with the greatest speed and in the shortest possible time, with full preparation, with accurate and rapid combat actions and effective measures to stop the spread of fire, to reach the time when the fire spreads, to rob the speed, and eliminate the fire. purpose.

"Concentrated forces" refers to the concentration of forces in the fire field during the fighting of fire fighting, and the main aspects of concentrating forces in the fire field are to make the comparison between the fire extinguishing power and the fire to form an advantage and ensure that there is enough fire fighting power to control the fire and eliminate the fire.

“Fighting annihilation” means concentrating troops and seizing advantageous fighter planes, flexibly using tactics according to the specific conditions of the fire scene, and effectively controlling the fire, encircling the fire point, accurately and quickly, and winning the fire fighting in a short period of time.

2. What are the basic principles of fire tactics? How is it explained?

Answer: The tactical principle of "control first and then eliminate".

Explanation: “First control” refers to active control. After the fire brigade arrives at the fire, the main force is deployed on the main aspect of the spread of fire on the fire site. It is designed to intercept and control the development of fire to prevent the spread of the fire and to eliminate it quickly. Fire creates favorable conditions.

The “elimination at the end” is to control the fire while concentrating the troops to launch a full-scale attack on the fire source and eliminate the fire one by one or completely. The two are closely linked and cannot be completely separated. The former is an effective means to extinguish fire and reduce losses. The latter is the continuation and development of the former. It is eliminated in the control process and must be controlled before it is eliminated.

3. What are the basic methods of fire tactics?

Answer: There are: basic methods such as intercepting, clamping, attacking, breaking, splitting, and enclosing.

4. What are the tasks and principles of organization and command?

A: Tasks: (1) Collect information and determine countermeasures;

( 2 ) Adjusting power and coordinating actions;

( 3 ) Deploy tasks and urge implementation.

Principles: unified command; step-by-step command.

5. What are the forms of organization, command and planning and command?

Answer: The form of organization and command: planning command and on-site command.

The form of planning and commanding: command of the general operation plan and command of the joint operation plan.

6. What is the scope of application of on-site command?

A: ( 1 ) There is no fire scene that sets out fire extinguishing plans. ( 2 ) The fire extinguishing plan is inconsistent with the actual situation of the fire site and it plans to direct the site of the fire that cannot be implemented. ( 3 ) The fire site has undergone abrupt changes. Some of the circumstances are inconsistent with the original plan. Fire fighting operations require temporary adjustments and changes in the fire scene.

7. What is the guarantee for the implementation of on-site command?

A: (1) Divide the work according to the responsibilities and grasp the basic situations and changes in the various areas of the area of ​​responsibility that are related to the command and command of the fire fighting organization.

(2) Grasp the distribution of fire fighting power and combat readiness.

(3) To master effective methods for dealing with various types of fires, improve information data storage and emergency extraction, and provide reference for commanding the fire.

(4) Provide all the reliable conditions of the fire site to the fire extinguishing commander through various modern techniques such as data retrieval, fire scene inquiry, observation, and live TV transmission and wireless communication.

(5) Formulate the necessary provisions that are important to the organization and command.

8. What is the composition and organization principle of the fire headquarters?

A: The composition usually includes: (1) 1 general commander and several deputy chief commanders. (2) Several individuals in the combat group, communications group, logistics support group and political work group. (3) According to the actual needs of the fire site to absorb the relevant units of the person in charge, engineering and technical personnel and experts to participate.

Organization principles: (1) The fire command headquarters works under the direct leadership of the fire commander. (2) Under the leadership of the commander of the fire site, conduct unified command of the entire fire fighting operation. (3) When the local party and government leaders arrive at the fire, the fire commanders must promptly report the situation and operational intention of the fire, listen to instructions and implement them. (4) The commander of the fire site shall listen to relevant experts, professionals and subordinates.

9. What is the responsibility of the fire command headquarters?

A: ( 1 ) Formulate overall decision-making and combat action plans, timely grasp changes in the fire conditions, propose corresponding measures, timely adjust operational plans, and deploy fire-fighting forces to organize coordinated operations.

( 2 ) Organize the communication between the fire headquarters and the dispatch and command center and the participating units to ensure the smooth communication between the front and rear of the fire site.

( 3 ) Organize the personnel to fill in the “Fire Fighting Site Record Form”, record the decisions made by the chief commander, the contents of the battle orders and the instructions of the superiors, the strength and time of the participating units, record, shoot the fire scene, and deploy the fire fighting force. , saving people and evacuating supplies.

( 4 ) According to the emergency needs of fire extinguishing and emergency rescue, it is decided to use various water sources nearby and cut off the transmission of electricity, flammable gas and liquid in the on-site area.

( 5 ) According to the fire scene, delineate the warning zone, organize the evacuation of personnel and materials in the warning zone, order the entry of restricted personnel and vehicles, and if necessary, order the demolition or demolition of adjacent buildings or structures.

( 6 ) According to emergency needs, it may require water supply, power supply, gas supply, communications and medical care, rescue, sanitation, transportation, and garrison, armed police, traffic police and other relevant units to provide assistance.

( 7 ) Organize the supply of equipment tools, fire extinguishing agents, fuel for fire engines, food, clothing, and medical ambulance work.

( 8 ) Determine the content, time and spokesperson of the press release according to the instructions of the superior.

10. What is the procedure for organizing and directing the fire?

A: (1) Collect and master the fire scene. (2) Determine the overall decision and action plan. (3) Release the operational instructions. (4) According to the changes in the fire, the implementation of random command.

11. What are the main contents of the fire field decision-making?

A: (1) Fire fighting intentions.

(2) The main battle direction.

(3) Deployment of combat forces.

(4) Cooperative operations and logistical support.

12. What are the contents of information that should be acquired when collecting information on the control of a fire site?

Answer: (1) The nature of the burning material, the burning range, the speed and direction of the spread of the fire.

(2) Whether personnel are threatened by high temperature, smoke, fire, their number and location, and the way they rescue evacuation.

(3) Whether there is a danger of explosion, gas, electric shock and collapse of buildings.

(4) Whether there are any important materials, equipment, archives, and materials that are threatened by fire or heat, the number, location, and feasibility of evacuation and protection.

(5) Available water and water supply capacity.

(6) The architectural features of the combat objects (buildings), firefighting facilities and adjacent conditions.

(7) Combat strength, extinguishing agents, equipment and equipment.

(8) Roads and surrounding environment around the fire.

(9) Meteorological changes on the day of the fire.

(10) Others should understand the situation.

13. What are the methods of organizing and directing the fire?

A: (1) Coordinate combat operations. (2) Adjust the deployment timely. (3) draw a command map of the fire field.

14. What are the main aspects of the deployment of fire fighting forces in the organization and command?

A: (1) Where there is a serious threat to the fire on the fire, (2) Places where precious materials and important information on the fire are threatened by fire. (3) Explosives and toxic substances are threatened by the fire; (4 ) The collapse or deformation of the building (structure) may occur . (5) The fire is spreading violently and it may lead to major losses.

15. What is the principle, implementation, and requirements for the organization and command of coordinated fire operations for more than two police squadrons?

Answer: Principles: (1) The main squadron in the area of ​​responsibility shall be the main force, supplemented by the reinforcement squadron.

(2) Overall planning and deployment.

(3) Establish the best position and form a front and rear system.

Implementation: (1) Cooperation between the squadron in the area of ​​responsibility and the reinforcement squadron.

(2) Cooperation between special teams and ordinary teams.

(3) Fire fighting and logistics support.

(4) Cooperation between the relevant departments of the society and the fire brigade.

Requirements: (1) Forecast the arrival time of each squadron and deploy the tasks in advance.

(2) Be good at innovation and constitute the best battle system.

(3) Looking at the overall situation, pay attention to the intangible factors and functions.

16. What are the contents of the organization and command of cross-regional multi-branch coordinated operations?

A: (1) Establish a two-level fire headquarters.

(2) Gradual adjustment of troops and grading coordinated command.

17. What are the methods and requirements for receiving fire?

A: Method: Centralized police and distributed police.

Claim:

(1) The fire dispatch and command center must accurately handle the alarm.

(2) The comrades inquiring about the alarm situation shall record, record time and send out signals, open the wired authentic fax machine, and make a detailed record of the alarm condition.

(3) The communicator accepts the fire and must calm down, clear language, concise and concise, and be quick, accurate, and unimpeded.

18. What are the requirements for fire fighting squadron fire fighting?

A: The fire brigade must be dispatched under the following conditions:

( 1 ) When a fire and other disaster accident occurs, when an alarm is received or when the command of the command center is dispatched.

( 2 ) When the superior checks the duty, he hears the order.

( 3 ) In other cases, when a higher order is required to be dispatched.

19. What are the tasks and methods of fire reconnaissance?

A: Mission: (1) The location of the fire, the properties of the burning material, the scope of combustion, and the main direction of the spread of the fire. (2) Whether someone is threatened by fire, the location of personnel, the number of rescues, and the evacuation route. (3) Whether there are explosions, poisons, corrosion, water burning, and other substances, their quantities, storage forms, and specific locations. (4) Whether there are live equipment in the fire place and measures to cut off the power supply and prevent electric shock. (5) The precious materials that need protection and evacuation, and the extent of the threat posed by the fire. (6) Whether it is necessary to demolish the characteristics of the building (structure) that is burning and whether it is adjacent to the building (structure). (7) The availability of fire-fighting facilities within the fire building.

Method: (1) External observation. (2) Internal observation. (3) Ask the insider. (4) Use the monitoring system of the fire unit. (5) Instrument testing.

20. What personal protective equipment and reconnaissance equipment are equipped by fire reconnaissance personnel?

A: Should be equipped with personal protective equipment and reconnaissance equipment: air breathing apparatus, thermal insulation clothing, protective clothing, protective gloves, waist axe, shovel, strong explosion-proof flashlight, safety rope, walkie-talkie, life detector, thermal imager, etc. .

21. What are the conditions for implementing fire conditions?

Answer: ( 1 ) The spread of toxic gases and combustible gases.

( 2 ) There is danger of explosion and collapse.

( 3 ) Evacuate a large number of people or organize large numbers of people to evacuation supplies.

( 4 ) A large number of people and vehicles participated in the fire fighting.

( 5 ) There are a large number of onlookers.

( 6 ) The fire cannot be controlled, and the burning area is large.

( 7 ) The commanding headquarters believes that it is necessary to carry out fire warning.

22. What are the methods of dividing fire scenes?

A: (1) Forced to rule out the scene.

(2) Determine the alert range.

(3) control the order of the scene.

(4) Conduct external grooming in a timely manner.

23. What are the methods for finding trapped people on the fire?

A: (1) Ask the insider. (2) send personnel to reconnaissance. (3) Instrument detection. (4) Search and rescue dogs to find people.

24. What is the approach, equipment, and methods of saving lives on the fire?

A: Ways: (1) Safety doors in buildings, safety exits through doors, doors, windows, evacuation stairs, fire lifts, escape slides, etc. (2) Balconies, roofs, dredging pipes, windows, evacuation stairs, overpasses, and corridors outside buildings. (3) Safety doors, emergency exits, demolition sites, doors, windows, etc. on aircrafts, ships, automobiles, trains, etc. (4) When there is no salvage passage, channels can be opened by breaking the doors, windows, walls, floors, etc. of the building. (5) underground buildings (mines) have no pyrotechnic inlet (outlet), oblique (vertical) wellhead, vents, etc.

Equipment and equipment:

(1) Lift fire engines and helicopters. (2) Ladder, hook ladder, and ladder. (3) Safety ropes. (4) Life-saving air cushions, life-saving bags, life-saving cloths (nets), life-saving ladders, life-saving ropes, and descents.

method:

(1) The interior corridors, stairs, doors, etc. of the floors have been blocked by smoke and fire. When trapped persons cannot escape, the rescue workers can raise the fire ladders and lift high fire trucks and then stand on the window, balcony and roof of the trapped person. Using fire-fighting ladders, rescue firefighters, rescue bags, and descents to rescue trapped people.

(2) When it is impossible to set up a fire ladder, firefighters climb upstairs by hooking ladders, climbing water pipes, windows, etc., and then using safety ropes to rescue trapped people and use the rope gun to shoot the ropes to the position of trapped persons. Let trapped personnel hang down the fire rescue equipment such as descending descenders and liferafts. Then, use a descending device to save the lifesaving ladder. When a trapped person jumps from the window, the firefighters should be at the window of the trapped person. Raise the liferaft (cloth) and place the lifeguard on the ground below.

(3) Smoke and flames When firefighters are trapped inside a building, firefighters use water guns to open up an evacuation route that can evacuate the trapped people to a safe exit through the outside of the building; one can not completely evacuate and can also redirect trapped people to No smoke or refuge nearby, then evacuated.

(4) The firefighters must comfort and guide the persons trapped in the fire field who can walk on their own to evacuate. The old and disabled, children who cannot walk, etc. should take measures to back, hold, lift, and bow, and rescue them.

(5) When it is necessary to save people through the burning area, firefighters may cover the victim with his head and face with wet clothing, bedding, etc., and cover with misty water to prevent burns from flame or heat radiation.

25. What are the precautions for saving the fire?

Answer: (1) When saving trapped persons on the floor and erecting fire ladders on their site, they must be vigilant and stop them from rushing in, so as to avoid accidents such as people falling down and vehicles (ladder) tipping over.

(2) When the rescued person evacuates himself from the floor to the ground along the fire ladder or ladder ladder, the combatant and the trapped person shall be protected by the safety ropes at their waists, or be escorted by the combatants to the next step.

(3) Rescue trapped persons from outside the burning zone. In the event of smoke, flame or heat radiation, combatants and trapped persons may take a low position and move forward. Those who cannot walk will be trapped and the combatants can carry it back on their backs. The captain climbed out of the danger zone.

(4) Combatants who enter the burning area to save lives should carry their interphones, safety ropes, waist axe, lighting fixtures, wear air breathing apparatus, wear fire suits or thermal insulation suits, and do their own protection.

(5) Fire commanders at all levels should pay attention to the safety of the combatants who enter the burning area to save lives, keep in touch, and be ready to save the people.

(6) When rescuing a patient in a hospital, it is best performed under the guidance of medical staff.

(7) Count the number of rescued personnel and check them carefully to find out whether all the people siege by the fire (dangerous situation) have been rescued and to prevent the rescued personnel from re-entering the burning area. (8) In addition to first aid at the scene, the injured person shall be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment when necessary.

26. What are the forms and conditions of the fire battles?

A: There are three forms of preparation, pre-development and full-scale deployment.

Ready to unfold: After the fire brigade arrives at the fire site, the firefighters cannot see the characteristics of the fire from the outside. They need to conduct fire reconnaissance. The commander should command the combat personnel to prepare for the fight while the fire is being reconnoitred.

Pre-deployment: After reaching the fire, the firefighters can see smoke and flames from the outside from the fire, but the basic situation such as the direction and route of the fire spread, the trappedness in the unoccupied building, the fire resistance rating of the building, and the nature of the incineration are not yet available. Clearly, in the case where the direction of the trunk line can be determined, the commander should issue an order at the same time as the reconnaissance of the fire, and the warfighters should lay a good trunk line to prepare for attack.

Fully-developed: After the fire brigade arrives at the fire, the fire-fighting personnel shall basically observe the situation of the fire scene through external observations, or develop a fire-prevention plan in advance and be familiar with the situation of the unit (fire site). At this time, the fire commander should decisively order the combat personnel to enter the combat position and carry out the rescue.

27. What are the principles, methods, and requirements of water supply for fire sites?

A: Principle: (1) Occupy water nearby. (2) Ensure the focus and give consideration to the general situation. (3) Strive to be fast and uninterrupted.

Method: (1) Direct water supply. (2) Water supply in series. (3) Water transport and water supply. (4) suction suction water supply. (5) Delivery of water supply.

Requirements: (1) Commanders must organize water supply. (2) The correct use of water supply methods. (3) Obey the overall needs of the fire. (4) Ensure the source of fire extinguishing water.

28. What are the points that combatants should make when laying water hoses?

Answer: (1) Correctly choose the route for laying water. Water lines should be laid so that closer distances, less slopes and fewer obstacles are selected.

(2) Does not affect vehicle traffic.

(3) The hose must have a maneuver length. The front branch of the water separator shall have a maneuver length of 10 meters without length.

(4) Avoid corrosion and oil pollution.

(5) The floor is covered with water. The length of the water line along the stairs should not exceed 2 plates, and the curve should be hovered in an arc. The vertical laying of water hoses should be done, making full use of stairwells, external walls and balconies, etc. Each connection should be fixed with a hose hook. Apply a soft pillow or soft object at the highest point where the hose is bent.

29 , What are the requirements for the setting of water gun positions?

Answer: (1) Rely on the door (window). (2) rely on bearing walls. (3) Inside and outside the ceiling. (4) Use fire ladders. (5) Use terrain and features.

30. What materials need to be protected and evacuated on the fire?

Answer: (1) Materials threatened by fire. (2) Materials that impede fire fighting and saving people. (3) Materials that exceed the building's load-bearing capacity. (4) Materials that cannot be evacuated.

31. What is the purpose of the fire demolition? What are the methods?

A: Objective: (1) To quickly identify the fire. (2) Save people and evacuation supplies. (3) Give full play to the effectiveness of fire extinguishing agents. (4) Prevent the spread of fire. (5) Eliminate the threat of building collapse. (6)) Remove smoke and toxic gases. (7) Change the spread of fire and smoke flow.

Method: (1) Method. (2) pull the law. (3) Sawing method. (4) collision method. (5) Blasting method.

32. What are the methods of exhausting smoke from the fire?

Answer: (1) Natural smoke. (2) Artificial smoke. Such as breaking the exhaust, using high-power foam smoke, spray water discharge. (3) Mechanical exhaust. Such as the unit fixed smoke device, mobile smoke machine, smoke car and so on.

33 , what are the contents of the fire camera?

Answer: (1) The basic situation of the fire: (1) A bird's eye view of the fire scene. (2) Development of fire. (3) The special situation of the fire scene. (4) Construction (structure) condition. (5) Loss of casualties. (6) Weather conditions. (7) Fire situation.

(b) Basic information on fire extinguishing: (1) Combat deployment. (2) The use of tactical technology. (3) Others.

34. What should be done after the fighting is over?

Answer: (1) Check the fire and prevent re-ignition. (2) Inventory personnel and equipment. (3) Return to the team. (4) Resume the operational readiness status.

35. What are the common communication means for firefighting forces? What are the logistical safeguards for conventional firefighting operations?

A: Common communication means: (1) Radio communication. (2) Wired telecommunications. (3) Sports communication. (4) Simple communication.

The logistical support for conventional firefighting operations: (1) The protection of fire-fighting equipment, equipment, and tools. (2) Fire extinguishing agent and oil protection. (3) food security. (4) The protection of medical care.

36. What are the requirements for cross-regional coordinated operational logistical support?

Answer: It is necessary for the general headquarters of the fire field to plan and unite in an unified manner, insist on the principle of giving priority to local and foreign troops, and coordinate the relations between famous departments and conscientiously do a good job in material supply. The supply of materials in combat must be rescued to achieve predictability and planning, distinguish between primary and secondary emergencies, give priority to safeguarding priorities, and concentrate on improving the supply of fire-fighting equipment, fire extinguishing agents, fuel materials, and supplies, and strengthen management to prevent Lost to ensure safety. (1) The organization and dispatch of fire-fighting equipment and pharmaceuticals. (2) Oil supply. (3) Supply supplements. (4) Fire data protection.

37. What are the characteristics and requirements of fire protection for large-scale events?

A: Features: (1) Tight preparation time and high safety standards. (2) There are many risk factors and there is a high probability of fire. (3) It is difficult to extinguish and rescue, and the consequences of the damage are heavy

Requirements: (1) Site safety, in line with regulations. (2) Clear responsibilities and improve institutions. (3) Improve the system and strengthen training. (4) Strengthen inspections and watch deadly. (5) check in place, on-site monitoring. (6) Make plans and strengthen drills.

38. What are the basic procedures for setting up a large-scale event fire protection plan?

A: (1) Early intervention and overall planning.

(2) Field research, familiar with the situation.

(3) Comprehensive analysis to determine the plan.

(4) Extensive demonstration and gradual approval.

39. What are the organization and command of emergency handling of large-scale activities?

Answer: (1) The organization and command of fire fighting and rescue: (1) According to the directive of the plan, adjust the changes appropriately. (2) According to changes in circumstances, the implementation of flexible command. (3) Insist on "saving people first" and protect valuable materials. (4) Use fixed equipment to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing. (5) Take the initiative to actively participate in the war.

(2) To organize and direct when handling emergencies: (1) Obey the unified command and actively participate in the action. (2) Give full play to equipment advantages and undertake specific tasks. (3) Take control of the fire fighting power to prevent the loss of control. (4) Closely observe the situation and prepare for fire fighting.