Bearing Device Precautions

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When installing bearings, it's essential to follow proper procedures to ensure their longevity and performance. The installation should take place in a clean and controlled environment. Before starting, inspect the shaft and housing for any imperfections, such as burrs or rough surfaces. Clean all mating surfaces thoroughly to avoid contamination and damage during installation. Bearings must be properly lubricated before use. Ensure that the grease is free from impurities, oxidation, and rust. The filling capacity of the grease should be between 30% and 60% of the bearing and housing volume. Overfilling can lead to excessive pressure and reduced performance. Some bearings, like double-row tapered roller bearings and water pump shaft bearings with seals, are pre-lubricated and do not require additional cleaning or greasing. During installation, apply even pressure around the raceway face using a suitable sleeve or tool. Avoid striking the bearing directly, as this can cause internal damage. For small interference fits, press the bearing onto the shaft at room temperature. For larger installations, a hydraulic press is recommended. Ensure that both the inner and outer rings are fully seated against the shoulder without any gaps. If the interference fit is large, heating the bearing with oil or induction heating can help. The recommended temperature range is 80°C to 100°C, not exceeding 120°C. After heating, secure the bearing with nuts or other appropriate tools to prevent misalignment when it cools. For single-row tapered roller bearings, adjust the axial clearance based on operating conditions and the amount of interference. Factory-adjusted double-row tapered bearings do not require further adjustment. After installation, perform a rotation test. Rotate the shaft manually first, then under low load and speed. Gradually increase the speed and load while monitoring for noise, vibration, or overheating. If any issues arise, stop and check the installation. When disassembling bearings, especially those with interference fits, use proper pulling tools to avoid damaging the raceways or rolling elements. Always apply force only to the inner or outer ring, not to the rolling elements. The operating environment also plays a key role in bearing performance. Choose the right bearing type, precision, and fit based on the application, load, speed, and temperature conditions. Tapered roller bearings are ideal for combined radial and axial loads and are commonly used in automotive hubs, gearboxes, and transmissions. Speed limits depend on the lubrication and environmental conditions. Under optimal conditions, the maximum speed is typically 0.3–0.5 times the limit speed, while 0.2 times is more suitable for regular operation. The shaft should not be skewed relative to the housing by more than 2 minutes. Bearings usually operate within a temperature range of -30°C to 150°C, provided the lubrication is adequate and heat-resistant. Proper installation, maintenance, and operating conditions are crucial for ensuring the reliability and lifespan of bearings. Always refer to manufacturer guidelines and follow best practices for each specific application.

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