   The key to managing maize during the seedling stage is to properly control the growth of the stems and leaves while promoting root development, often referred to as "controlling the top and promoting the bottom." This helps achieve strong roots, flat stems, dark green leaves, wide foliage, healthy plants, and uniform stands. The main practices include:
 Transplanting seedlings to ensure full emergence
 After corn emerges, it's important to check for gaps in the stand and replant missing seedlings promptly. If there are deficiencies before the third leaf stage, you can soak seeds, germinate them, water, and replant. After the third leaf stage, transplant seedlings using soil to fill in gaps (you can also plant extra seedlings directly into the row). In some cases, nearby seedlings can be used to fill in the missing areas. Early thinning is crucial.
 When corn has 3–4 leaves, remove weak, yellow, diseased, or inferior seedlings. By the time they have 5–6 leaves, thin them out according to spacing requirements. At this stage, keep the rows slightly closer to maximize the benefits of the marginal plants. Any seedlings removed should be taken out of the field immediately. Timely topdressing is also essential.
Topdressing should be applied when the fifth leaf is fully unfolded, which is typically at the 4–6 leaf stage. This is especially important for intercropped corn and summer maize. Topdressing should follow the principle of light, ear, and grain fertilizers, with a recommended ratio of about 2.5–3:5–6:1.5–2. If the base fertilizer was insufficient, increase the amount but keep the proportions consistent. Regular cultivation is also necessary.
 Timely cultivation helps control weeds and promotes stronger root development. For intercropped and summer maize, cultivation is usually done 2–3 times during the seedling stage. The first cultivation is done after planting, using the "shallow on the sides, deep in the middle" technique. It should remove weeds without damaging the seedlings, with a depth of about 3–5 cm. Subsequent cultivations should be done before the joints form, with a depth of around 10 cm. Although deep plowing may cut some fine roots, it encourages new root growth. Soil should be gradually loosened from the 9th to 10th leaf stage before tasseling to help develop a strong root system and improve lodging resistance.
 Promoting healthy seedling growth
 Common methods to promote seedling growth include controlling water and fertilizer, deep cultivation, and root drying. Corn seedlings should be kept "black, not yellow; thick, not thin; moist, not dry." This means the leaves should be dark green, strong, and healthy. Otherwise, the plants may become stunted. Seedling management typically lasts about 20 days in summer and intercropping systems. Too short a period won’t have an effect, while too long may lead to "small old seedlings," which can hinder later growth. At the end of the seedling stage, apply fertilizer and water immediately to encourage growth. For fields where seedlings are weak, both thinning and additional nutrients and irrigation should be provided to support healthy development.
 Pest and disease management: High summer temperatures bring various pests and diseases that harm corn plants. Common diseases include sheath blight and silk smut. To manage sheath blight, remove the lower tips of infected leaves and spray Jinggangmycin. If silk smut is detected, remove or bury the affected parts. Major pests include corn borers and aphids. Local agricultural departments can provide specific prevention and treatment strategies.
 During the mid and late stages, adjust your management based on the crop’s nutritional needs, moisture levels, and pest/disease pressure as needed.
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