Abstract According to a report from the First Financial Daily, a local energy official revealed that China's energy self-sufficiency rate remained at 91.4% in 2022, marking the third consecutive year that this level has been maintained. This figure highlights the country’s ongoing efforts to balance its growing energy demands with domestic production. Despite rising imports of key energy sources, China continues to rely heavily on coal, which remains the backbone of its energy system.
Since the reform and opening-up period, China's energy self-sufficiency rate has seen a gradual decline. It first dropped below 90% in 2006 and reached its lowest point at 88.2% in 2007. However, since 2010, the rate has stabilized around 91.4%, reflecting a combination of stable domestic output and strategic energy policies.
Chen Weidong, a senior researcher at the CNOOC Energy and Economic Research Institute, explained that the stability in self-sufficiency is largely due to the dominance of coal in the energy mix and the slow transformation of consumption patterns. In 2012, coal accounted for approximately 66.4% of total primary energy consumption, while oil and natural gas made up 18.9% and 5.5%, respectively. All three major energy sources require imports, especially coal and natural gas, which saw significant increases in import volumes during that time.
Data from the China Coal Association showed that coal production in 2012 reached 3.66 billion tons, with net imports rising by 29.8% year-on-year to 280 million tons. Meanwhile, the National Energy Administration reported that oil dependence hit 58.3% in 2012, up from 56.9% in 2011 and significantly higher than the 47.6% recorded in 2006.
Natural gas imports also surged, with the country importing 42.5 billion cubic meters in 2012, leading to a dependency rate of 28.9%. Analysts believe that as coal usage faces stricter controls, oil and natural gas will play a larger role in the future energy mix.
The China Petroleum Economic and Technological Research Institute predicted that oil dependence could surpass 60% in 2013. Under the 12th Five-Year Plan, China aimed to maintain an energy self-sufficiency rate of at least 85% by 2015. However, with domestic production remaining stable and import needs increasing, the pressure on energy security is expected to grow. This trend will require stronger risk management strategies for overseas energy projects and improved international cooperation in the energy sector.
Since the reform and opening-up period, China's energy self-sufficiency rate has seen a gradual decline. It first dropped below 90% in 2006 and reached its lowest point at 88.2% in 2007. However, since 2010, the rate has stabilized around 91.4%, reflecting a combination of stable domestic output and strategic energy policies.
Chen Weidong, a senior researcher at the CNOOC Energy and Economic Research Institute, explained that the stability in self-sufficiency is largely due to the dominance of coal in the energy mix and the slow transformation of consumption patterns. In 2012, coal accounted for approximately 66.4% of total primary energy consumption, while oil and natural gas made up 18.9% and 5.5%, respectively. All three major energy sources require imports, especially coal and natural gas, which saw significant increases in import volumes during that time.
Data from the China Coal Association showed that coal production in 2012 reached 3.66 billion tons, with net imports rising by 29.8% year-on-year to 280 million tons. Meanwhile, the National Energy Administration reported that oil dependence hit 58.3% in 2012, up from 56.9% in 2011 and significantly higher than the 47.6% recorded in 2006.
Natural gas imports also surged, with the country importing 42.5 billion cubic meters in 2012, leading to a dependency rate of 28.9%. Analysts believe that as coal usage faces stricter controls, oil and natural gas will play a larger role in the future energy mix.
The China Petroleum Economic and Technological Research Institute predicted that oil dependence could surpass 60% in 2013. Under the 12th Five-Year Plan, China aimed to maintain an energy self-sufficiency rate of at least 85% by 2015. However, with domestic production remaining stable and import needs increasing, the pressure on energy security is expected to grow. This trend will require stronger risk management strategies for overseas energy projects and improved international cooperation in the energy sector.
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