Abstract At present, the world's high-end CNC machine tools are mainly made up of industrial powers such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. These countries have mastered core technologies. Emerging markets such as China, India, and Russia have a large demand for CNC machine tools, and most of the imports come from Japan and Germany.
At present, the world's high-end CNC machine tools are mainly produced by industrial powers such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. These countries have mastered core technologies. Emerging markets such as China, India, and Russia have a large demand for CNC machine tools, and most of the imports come from Japan and Germany. In recent years, with the sharp increase in demand for important equipment manufacturing industries such as national defense, aviation, high-speed rail, automobiles and molds, China's CNC machine tools have also achieved rapid development.
According to statistics, in the past five years, the average annual compound growth rate of CNC machine tool production in China was 37.39%. Driven by relevant industries, the average annual growth rate of CNC machine tools in China will exceed 10%. By 2015, the national CNC system demand will reach 400,000 sets, and annual sales will reach 850 billion yuan.
CNC machine tools are investment products with small market capacity, but they have important strategic significance. Countries attach great importance to the CNC machine tool industry and take measures to support and protect it. At present, the world's high-end CNC machine tool producing countries are dominated by industrial powers such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. These countries hold core technologies. Emerging markets such as China, India, and Russia have a large demand for CNC machine tools, and most of the imports come from Japan and Germany.
Japan - CNC machine tool exporting country
Since the development of the first CNC machine tool in 1958, the Japanese government has long encouraged planning institutions and companies to develop CNC machine tools through planning and regulations, and to provide sufficient research and development funding. By studying Germany in terms of machine tool components, and learning the United States in the development of CNC technology and CNC systems, Japan has made great progress in CNC machine tools. Since 1978, the output and export volume of CNC machine tools in Japan have consistently ranked first in the world.
First, more than 90% of Japanese export orders are CNC machine tools. In the first half of 2013, Japanese machine tool orders totaled 517.26 billion yen, down 18.7% year-on-year. Among them, orders for CNC machine tools decreased by 18.2% year-on-year, accounting for 97.3%. Among foreign orders, CNC machine tool orders accounted for 98.8%, and domestically, 92.2%. In the order sales of 5 22 billion yen, CNC machine tools accounted for 97.3%, and in handheld orders, CNC machine tools accounted for 95.4%.
After the financial crisis in 2008, various indicators of CNC machine tools in Japan began to fall sharply. In 2009, orders for CNC machine tools were close to the lowest level. Since 2010, various indicators of CNC machine tools have continued to rise. In 2012, the proportion of CNC machine tool orders in total machine tool orders reached 97.5%, the highest level in history. The output value of CNC machine tools is close to the level of 2008, accounting for 89.9% of the total output value of machine tools, accounting for 87.9% of production, and the export of CNC machine tools hit a record high, accounting for 93.7% of total machine tool exports.
Secondly, Japanese CNC machine tools are exported to high-end products. In the first five months of 2013, Japan produced a total of 23,355 machine tools with an output value of 3,583.1 billion yen. Among them, the number of CNC machine tools was 1,940 units, with an output value of 3,182.4 billion yen, accounting for 83.1% and 88.8% respectively. Among the machine tool exports, the proportion of CNC machine tools is 58.0%, but the proportion of exports is 92.3%, which indicates that the price of CNC machine tools is higher, and more high-end products are exported.
Finally, Japanese special CNC machine tools are expensive and growing rapidly. From the point of view of the output value and output of the main products of CNC machine tools in 2012, CNC machine tools accounted for the largest proportion, followed by CNC flat rotary discs, CNC grinding machines and special CNC machine tools. In the first half of 2013, the output value and output of these four types of CNC machine tools were 129.29 billion yen and 8,367 units, 79.40 billion yen and 5,223 units, 32.15 billion yen and 1,314 units, 29.53 billion yen and 794 respectively. station. In addition to the 9.4% increase in the output value of dedicated CNC machine tools, the first three categories of products all experienced a decline of more than 25%.
From the proportion of CNC machine tools, the share of CNC machine tools in CNC machine tools has increased year by year. The output value of the first five months of 2013 has reached 38.6%, and the output ratio has reached 43.1%. The output value of CNC rotary discs has accounted for 43.1%. The ratio is 24.9%, the proportion of production is 26.9%; the proportion of CNC grinding machine is basically stable, the current output value accounts for more than 10.0%, the output ratio is 6.8%; the output value of special CNC machine tools increases to 9.3%, and the output ratio is 4.0% is still increasing.
It can be seen from the ratio of output value and output that the price of CNC rotary disc and CNC machining machine is lower than the average price of CNC machine tools. The price of CNC grinder and special CNC machine tools is higher, especially for special CNC machine tools. The price of export CNC machine tools is far lower than the price, indicating that the export is mainly based on the lower-priced CNC rotary table and CNC machine tools. The export of CNC grinding machines, especially special CNC machines, is less.
United States - CNC machine tool inventor country
As the inventor of CNC machine tools, the United States is competitive in the design, manufacture and CNC systems of CNC machine tools. Although its machine tool technology is still world-class, its output ranks third in the world and is also a major importer of CNC machine tools worldwide.
The United States has a large demand for imports of CNC machine tools and has consistently surpassed metalworking machines. In the first five months of 2013, the US exported 1.11 billion US dollars of metal processing machine tools, up 9.5% year-on-year, and imported 2.27 billion US dollars, down 9.5%. The export of CNC machine tools was 470 million US dollars, up 13.0% year-on-year, and imports were 1.56 billion US dollars, down 14.3 year-on-year. %. Exports of other manufacturing technologies increased by 1.0% and imports increased by 5.3%. From the perspective of import growth rate and deficit, the investment in equipment driven by the manufacturing industry began to slow down, and the gap in the US machine tool, especially the CNC machine tool, began to shrink. However, from the perspective of imports, in addition to February, the import of CNC machine tools in the United States in 2013 remained basically above 300 million US dollars, indicating that the demand for CNC machine tools is still very large.
From the monthly situation, since November 2012, CNC machine tool exports have started to drop from more than 100 million US dollars to 86.4 million US dollars. After three consecutive months of decline, exports began to increase since February 2013, and have been maintained at more than $100 million for three consecutive months. Imports began to decrease in March.
With the increase of exports, the competitiveness of CNC machine tool trade began to increase in 2013. The trade competitiveness index (TC) index has entered the range of -0.50 from the interval of -0.20 in 2012, and the TC index of CNC machine tools rose to -0.54 in the first five months. It is 0.09 points higher than the same period of the previous year and 0.07 points higher than 2012.
Germany - the competitiveness of CNC machine tools
On the basis of traditional design and manufacturing technology and advanced technology, German CNC machine tools continue to adopt advanced electronic information technology and innovate and develop on the basis of strengthening scientific research. Germany attaches great importance to the development of various supporting components and CNC systems. Since the 1960s, Siemens has been involved in CNC systems, and currently shares 80% of the high-end CNC system market with Japan's Fanaco.
German CNC machine tool main parts, machine, electricity, liquid, gas, light, cutting tools, measurement, CNC system and other functional components, in the world in terms of quality and performance.
In the first half of 2013, the total output value of the German machine tool industry was 6.54 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 1%. Among them, the output value of machine tools was 4.87 billion euros, up 1% year-on-year; the output value of cutting machine tools was 3.63 billion euros, which was the same as the previous year; the output value of forming machine tools was 1.24 billion euros, up 2% year-on-year; the output value of accessories was 1.15 billion euros, flat; assembly, repair and installation 520 million euros, an increase of 4%.
In the first half of 2013, the capacity utilization rate of the German machine tool industry was 93.1%, down from 95.9% in the same period of last year. The capacity utilization rate at the end of July was 92.6%; the number of employed persons increased to 71,495, an increase of 3.2% since 2009. The highest level.
Among the exported CNC machine tools, Germany exported the largest number of CNC circular grinding machines. In 2012, the export volume reached US$700 million; followed by horizontal lathes with an export of US$690 million; the third largest export product was milling machines with a total export of US$610 million; Bending, folding or leveling machine tools of 580 million US dollars; turning center 450 million US dollars, is the fifth largest export product of CNC machine tools. Among the imported CNC machine tools, the lathes, grinding machines, bending, folding or leveling machine tools are the three major imports. The import value in 2012 was 480 million US dollars, 300 million US dollars and 140 million US dollars respectively.
India - Increased exports of CNC machine tools
India is the world's 13th largest machine tool producer and the seventh largest machine tool consumer. Driven by automobiles and consumer durables, India's demand for complex CNC machine tools has increased dramatically, with a large number of imported second-hand machine tools.
In the fiscal year 2012-2013, the value of Indian machine tools was 33.30 billion rupees, down 22% year-on-year. Among them, CNC machine tools accounted for 82%, the output value was 27.32 billion rupees, a decrease of 23.7%. CNC machine tools are mainly gold-cut machine tools, accounting for 88.2% of CNC machine tools.
In the same period, India exported 1.49 billion rupees of CNC machine tools, an increase of 3.7% year-on-year, exceeding the 2% increase in total machine tool exports. The proportion of CNC machine tools also increased from 79.8% in the previous fiscal year to 81.2%. In the case of a 39% drop in the export of gold cutting machine tools, the output of CNC cutting machine tools fell by 30.5%, but the proportion increased from 82% to 93%. The proportion of CNC forming machine tools also increased by one percentage point, reaching 59%. The increase of 289% is 7 percentage points higher than the total export value of forming machine tools, indicating that the competitiveness of CNC machine tools in India has improved.
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