The large-scale cultivation of greenhouse vegetables has created good ecological conditions for pests and diseases. Extensive farming operations have increased the number of pests and primordial bases, and the single planting of vegetables has been repeated for years, expanding the population of pests and diseases. Vegetable cultivation in greenhouses creates an ecological environment with moderate temperature, high humidity, and large temperature changes in day and night, which is conducive to the breeding hazards of pests and diseases and the expansion of populations. Nowadays, greenhouse vegetables have begun to be planted and nursed, and pests and diseases that are prone to seedlings need to be paid more attention.
Four major steps to kill pests and diseases
First, high temperature shack
After the greenhouse is built, choose to cover the greenhouse film on sunny days, and close the shack for 7 to 10 days, so that the temperature inside the shed will increase to 50 °C or above, so as to kill the spores and eggs of the soil surface bacteria, thereby reducing the infection and damage of the vegetable growth period. . In the high temperature shack, according to the greenhouse space per cubic meter of sulfur powder 2.4 grams, 4.5 grams of sawdust, dichlorvos smoked agent 1 gram evenly mixed, dark fire, closed smoke, the effect is better, but after smoking, pay attention to ventilation 2 ~3 days, planting again.
Second, seed treatment
Pests and diseases are often lurking on the seeds or seedlings of vegetables, and seed treatment before planting can eliminate the spread of some pests and diseases. Commonly used seed treatment methods are warm water soaking and chemical treatment. When soaking in warm water, the vegetable seeds are generally immersed in warm water of 50-60 ° C for 5 to 15 minutes, and the seeds are continuously stirred during soaking, so that the seeds are evenly heated.
Third, soil disinfection
Before sowing or planting, disinfecting the soil in the greenhouse to kill the bacteria or eggs in the soil can prevent or reduce the pests and diseases of the vegetable growing season. When the soil is disinfected, the selected agents and dosages can be selected according to the occurrence of perennial diseases and insect pests. When using, add appropriate amount of fine soil to the selected agent, mix it evenly on the surface, and then plow it into the soil.
Fourth, set up insect-proof nets to stop pests, set yellow boards, light traps and kill pests
In the process of vegetable seedling growth or growth, an insect-proof net is set to prevent pests from moving into the greenhouse, and the insect-proof and disease-preventing effects are very obvious. Generally, 40 greenhouses can be selected for the greenhouse. The yellow plate can be made of 6cm×4cm rectangular cardboard, coated with yellow paint and then coated with 1 layer of engine oil, and hung in the shed. Generally, the effective planting area is 667m2, hanging 30~40 pieces, which is good for trapping aphids and whitefly. At the same time, black light can be used to trap the adults of Plutella xylostella and adult tigers; indoor suspension frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps have strong insecticidal effects on a variety of pests.
Planting cultivation management based
When formulating and implementing cultivation management measures, it is necessary to consider creating an environmental condition that is conducive to the growth and development of vegetables and is not conducive to the propagation of pests and diseases, so as to prevent and mitigate pests and diseases.
1. Selection of resistant (resistant) pests and diseases: It is the most economical and effective way to control pests and diseases of greenhouse vegetables.
2. Promote soil testing and formula fertilization: It is necessary to apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer to determine the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for different plots. In the middle and late stages of vegetable growth, attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and other micro-fertilizers to enhance the disease resistance of vegetables.
3, scientific watering: vigorously promote drip irrigation and under-film dark irrigation technology, prohibit flood irrigation, to reduce soil and air humidity.
4, reasonable close planting: According to different varieties, determine the reasonable planting density, to prevent planting too dense, affecting ventilation and light.
5. Promote the full coverage of the mulch film: all the ground in the greenhouse is covered by the mulch film, which not only can improve the ground temperature, promote root development, but also effectively reduce the air humidity in the shed and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
6. Pay attention to the cleaning of the greenhouse: remove the diseased plants in the vegetable growing season, remove the diseased leaves and old leaves, and remove the dead leaves, roots and weeds in the greenhouse in time to reduce the growth period and the next. The source of infection of vegetable pests and diseases.
7, enhance the light: vegetable growth period to keep the film clean, to enhance the light.
8. Reasonable rotation. The same vegetables have the same or similar pests and diseases, so it is best to carry out crop rotation in greenhouse cultivation to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Methods for controlling pests and diseases in greenhouses
Prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests of pepper
Main pests and diseases in the seedbed period. 1 The main diseases are gray mold and anthrax. Control with kekening and methyl thiophanate, spray the drug every 15 days. 2 The main pests are aphids, which can be controlled by drugs such as enemy cockroaches and gram.
The main pests and diseases during the growth period. The main diseases are: fungal scab, anthracnose, and epidemic diseases can be killed or methyl thiophanate, trematode or chlorothalonil; viral diseases generally cause mosaic, leaf rolling, available virus A or pepper leaf Spirit spray prevention; white rickets, green diseases focus on prevention, strengthen soil disinfection, and apply more lime. In the early stage of the disease, 5% carbendazim 500 times solution was used for prevention and treatment.
Main pest control of eggplant
The main disease. 1 In the early stage of seedling, rickets and fungal diseases are prone to occur. The anti-disease agents include Suikening, methyl thiophanate, and chlorothalonil. 2 The diseases after the growth and development period are verticillium wilt and cotton blight. Control is focused on rotation, strict soil disinfection, and heavy lime application. At the beginning of the onset, it can be controlled by killing spray.
The main pest. There are mainly aphids, cotton bollworms, eight-star ladybugs, and samovar. Aphids can be controlled by drugs such as enemy cockroaches and dimethoate; cotton bollworms and 18-star ladybugs are controlled by Kung Fu or K-Mal; and samovar is controlled by ketone and ketone.
Cabbage pest control
There are many diseases, but the most common and serious ones are soft rot, downy mildew and viral diseases. 1 soft rot, timely release of diseased plants in the early stage of the disease, and sprinkle a small amount of lime in the surrounding soil; 2 downy mildew, the following agents can be used in the early stage of the disease control: 75% metalaxyl 800 times spray, 40% ethyl phosphate aluminum 150-200 Double spray; 3 virus disease, timely control of aphids in the seedling stage, 1000 times spray with pymetrozine.
Prevention and control of pests. Insect pests are mainly insect pests such as cabbage caterpillar, beet armyworm, and aphids. They can be controlled by enemy killings and salt.
Lettuce pest control
The main diseases of lettuce are: downy mildew and soft rot. 1 Downy mildew, sprayed with 25% metalaxyl 800 times or 45% dasen ammonium 900-1000 times at the beginning of the disease, sprayed once every 5-7 days, 2-3 times in a row. 2 soft rot, timely release of diseased plants in the early stage of the disease, and a small amount of lime around the diseased point, at the same time, can be used 200g / liter of streptomycin or 500-1000 times of diclosan or 50% of dexamethasone 800- 1000 times liquid spray, spray once every 5-7 days, 2-3 times in a row.
The main pests of lettuce are aphids and snails. Control with acetamiprid and squirming respectively.
Pest control of celery
Disease. In the seedling stage, there are mainly squatting diseases, and the diseased plants are found, cleared in time, and applied to the soil. It can be sprayed with 35% carbendazim fine soil 25 kg or with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 50% dexamethasone 1000 times solution or 70% chlorothalonil 800 times solution. Adult diseases mainly include leaf blight and early blight. It can be sprayed with 70% dasen zinc wettable powder 500 times solution and 40% methyl thiophanate 600-800 times solution, and alternately used every 5-7 days.
The main pest. The celery pests mainly include Spodoptera litura and aphids. Spodoptera litura can be controlled by 25% chlorfenapyr No. 3, 500 times solution or Kungfu or Avi. Aphids can be controlled with a single dose of piperidone or imidacloprid.
Cucumber pest control
Disease. The main diseases are blight, blight, downy mildew, bacterial angular spot disease, which can be controlled by using dexamethasone, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl and agricultural streptomycin, respectively.
The main pest. There are mainly yellow stalked worms, aphids, etc., which can be sprayed with drugs such as propanil or pyrethroids.
Pesticide prevention and control
The main diseases of loofah in greenhouse are pathogen, blight, and bacterial angular spot; the main pests are aphids, yellow stalks, spotted flies and melons. The control measures are carried out in accordance with the method of prevention and treatment of melons.
Pest control of bitter gourd
Bitter melon plants have a special odor and strong resistance to pests and diseases, but anthrax and brown spot disease often occur in hot and rainy seasons; 70% methyl thiophanate 800-1000 times liquid or 75% chlorothalonil 800 can be used. Double liquid spray control. In the dry season, it is vulnerable to pests such as aphids and whitefly. The control of aphids can be controlled by spraying with 25% pymetrozine 800 times. The control of whitefly can be controlled by spraying with 20% imidacloprid 500 times.
Pest control of winter melon
The main disease of winter melon is blight. Prevention and control of swine blight comprehensive control, selection of disease-resistant varieties, implementation of crop rotation, sorghum cultivation. The drug control can be sprayed or rooted with 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution or 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 times solution before and after flowering. Insect pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled by spray of imidacloprid or pymetrozine.
Bean pest control
The main diseases of the beans are blight, rust, coal mold and so on. It can be used for the control of dysentery, methyl thiophanate, and senseng zinc; the main pests are aphids, pea pods and Liriomyza sativae. Efficient, low-toxic and safe pesticides such as yinbao, cadherin, avermectin and xixi can be used to control the pests in the younger age.
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