Author: Chen Guohua Zoumeng Ting (Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology) have aggregated content, cut.
Summary
To scientifically and effectively manage emergency materials for dangerous chemicals accidents in mega- and even mega-cities, to ensure timely and rational allocation of resources in the event of sudden hazardous chemicals accidents, improve emergency rescue efficiency, and construct a set of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents in megacities. Management system. Taking Guangzhou as an example: Firstly, it analyzes the characteristics of hazardous chemicals accidents and emergency materials in megacities, and systematically classifies emergency materials for hazardous chemicals. Secondly, on the basis of census city emergency materials reserve for emergency chemicals, establish an emergency material reserve database and corresponding database, apply GIS technology to generate a map of emergency materials management, formulate daily management system of reserve warehouse, and construct emergency response for hazardous chemicals. Material management system. Finally, combined with the application of Guangzhou City's emergency materials management system for hazardous chemicals accidents, the practicality of the inspection system. The results show that the constructed emergency materials management system for hazardous chemicals accidents has strong operability and can effectively improve the emergency response capability of government departments to deal with hazardous chemicals accidents.
From the perspective of management, this paper systematically sorts out the process of emergency material management system for dangerous chemicals accidents in megacities for the first time, and takes Guangzhou as an example to apply the system in practice, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the government departments to manage emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents. And guidance.
  1. Characteristics of megacities and hazardous chemicals accidents
In 2014, the State Council issued the Notice on Adjusting the Standards for Dividing Urban Size, which stipulates that “the cities with a permanent population of more than 5 million and less than 10 million in urban areas are mega-cities, and cities with a permanent population of over 10 million are super-large cities.†According to this standard, According to the latest statistics of the 2016 Guangdong Statistical Yearbook, in the 21 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province, 6 cities including Shantou, Foshan and Dongguan are mega-cities, while the resident population of Guangzhou and Shenzhen reached 13.5011 million. There are 11.277 million people and they are megacities.
Due to the dense population of mega- and even megacities, and the rapid development of hazardous chemicals enterprises, hazardous chemicals accidents have typical characteristics (Table 1).
2. Emergency material management system for dangerous chemicals accidents in mega cities
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The catastrophic accidents in megacities are usually supervised by the municipal government safety supervision department. In the emergency management, the municipal emergency office or emergency center is mainly responsible, and other government functional departments (such as transportation, environmental protection, etc.) cooperate with each other. In order to deal with catastrophic accidents in megacities, a series of planned and organized management of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals must be carried out to effectively reserve and allocate emergency materials needed for accidents.
Through the system to sort out the overall process of emergency materials management for hazardous chemicals accidents, the emergency material management system for hazardous chemicals accidents in megacities is constructed (Figure 1).
2.1 census hazardous chemicals accident emergency materials reserve
2.1.1 Classification of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents
Emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents refer to vehicles used for the disposal of hazardous chemicals and various types of detection, personal protection, warning, communication, transfer, plugging, decontamination, demolition, exhaust lighting, fire fighting, lifesaving The general name of the materials. There are many kinds of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents. A clear and comprehensive classification method for materials can standardize the management of emergency materials and improve the timeliness of emergency rescue.
According to the specific process of emergency rescue of hazardous chemicals accidents, the emergency materials are divided into three levels (Figure 2). The first level mainly reflects the key content of emergency rescue of hazardous chemicals accidents; the second level focuses on emergency work according to different emergency situations. The task is further decomposed to obtain a targeted type of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents; the third level provides detailed emergency material names for each of the sub-categories, including tools, materials, equipment, and vehicles required for emergency work. And other types of hazardous chemicals accident emergency supplies.
2.1.2 Census of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents
In the mega-cities, emergency forces for hazardous chemicals accidents are scattered, and targeted relief materials, equipment, and funds are difficult to implement. In order to strengthen the centralized management of emergency materials and effectively allocate emergency materials, it is necessary to clearly understand the emergency materials in urban hazardous chemicals accidents. Reserves and types and quantities of hazardous chemicals in cities.
Due to the large area of ​​the mega city and the wide distribution of enterprises, the city emergency office or emergency center can distribute the census tasks to the security supervision departments at all levels (counties) according to the division of urban administrative areas, and the security supervision departments at the district level should Classification of emergency materials for chemical accidents, statistics on hazardous chemicals enterprises in the jurisdiction, non-hazardous chemical enterprises related to materials for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals accidents, and emergency rescue materials at the current stage, and statistics on storage of hazardous chemicals enterprises The types and quantities of hazardous chemicals existing in the process of operation, production, etc., thereby determining the demand for emergency materials.
On the basis of grasping the reserves of existing emergency materials, scientifically analyze the distribution of hazardous chemicals in various regions, clarify the demand for emergency materials, obtain a list of emergency materials that are still needed, and allocate according to the nature and demand of emergency materials.
2.2 Construction of emergency materials storage base for hazardous chemicals accidents
2.2.1 Principles of repository location
The timeliness of hazardous chemical accident rescue determines that the reserve must complete the supply of materials in the shortest possible time, while the megacities are vast and the material transportation process directly affects the response time of emergency rescue. Therefore, in the establishment of the emergency storage of dangerous goods in urban accidents, the following points should be considered.
(1) According to the distribution of hazardous chemicals enterprises obtained by census, the number and types of hazardous chemicals, the cities will be divided into different regions, and more hazardous chemicals will be produced or stored in each region, and the emergency management is relatively perfect. Medium-sized hazardous chemicals companies serve as an alternative reserve.
(2) There is a huge danger in the transportation process of hazardous chemicals. If you pay attention to it, it may cause huge losses. Therefore, the location of the storage warehouse needs to focus on the location of dangerous traffic accidents in urban areas.
(3) In combination with the distribution of urban professional emergency rescue teams, the rescue team and the emergency materials reserve pool are complementary to facilitate the emergency rescue work when the hazardous chemicals accident occurs.
On the basis of the above three sites selection principle, combined with the characteristics of the city, a reservoir of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents will be established in various urban areas.
2.2.2 Emergency Materials Database and Information Management System
The Municipal Emergency Office or Emergency Center can establish a database of emergency materials storage for catastrophic chemicals accidents by integrating statistical data such as urban emergency chemicals emergency investigation and storage site selection, and form an integrated emergency materials management information system. According to the information in the database, GIS technology is applied to display various types of information in different layers in the system, and generate a map of emergency and convenient management of hazardous chemicals accidents.
The application information management system can directly find the location of the accident, the nearest emergency materials and the contact information of the responsible persons in the accident, and ensure the timeliness of the emergency materials call for hazardous chemicals accidents and improve the level of emergency rescue.
2.3 Formulating emergency materials management system for hazardous chemicals accidents
The Municipal Emergency Office or Emergency Center shall integrate the opinions of various departments and establish a repository management system.
2.3.1 Emergency Material Management
The warehouse emergency materials management covers the daily management of procurement, calibration, renewal, replenishment and maintenance of emergency materials:
(1) The signage of the emergency materials in the reserve pool.
(2) Establish a reserve management organization and set up full-time management personnel.
(3) Strictly abide by the procedures of the human and the library, and establish an emergency materials management account. (4) Regularly update the emergency materials database information.
2.3.2 Emergency Material Call
The hazardous chemicals enterprises within the scope of the emergency materials reserve can sign an emergency mutual assistance agreement with the reserve bank, or apply to the municipal emergency office or emergency center to call the reserve emergency materials in the event of a hazardous chemical accident. The Municipal Emergency Office or Emergency Center can locate the accident site through the Urban Emergency Chemicals Emergency Management Information System, find nearby emergency materials reserve and professional emergency rescue teams, and quickly call emergency materials near the reserve or enterprise to carry out emergency rescue work. The calling program is shown in Figure 3.
2.3.3 Emergency materials compensation
The government's reasonable subsidy is an effective measure to encourage the agreement enterprises, and the paid use can stimulate and restrain the company's behavior to a large extent. When the government signs a reserve agreement with the enterprise, the enterprise reserves a certain amount of physical or part of the emergency materials production capacity according to the government's requirements, and the government grants certain subsidies to the enterprise according to the agreement.
3. Case application
3.1 Census Guangzhou Municipal Emergency Equipment Accident Reserve
1. Pilot investigation of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents
According to the classification of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents, formulate emergency materials investigation forms (including material types, names, specifications, models, quantities, units, etc.), and investigate the reserves of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals enterprises and non-hazardous chemicals enterprises in a certain area of ​​Guangzhou. Situation, statistical analysis of the reserve of emergency materials in the area, appropriate adjustments to the emergency materials questionnaire.
2. Census emergency drug supplies for hazardous chemicals in the city
The application of the improved emergency materials questionnaire (recorded in Guangzhou City, the production safety emergency rescue command system, the enterprise registration system to report), the general inspection of more than 100 large-scale production and storage of hazardous chemicals in Guangzhou, the use of enterprises, The distribution of ten professional emergency rescue teams and the reserve of emergency materials have obtained a list of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents in the city (for example, see Table 2 for some material reserves of a hazardous chemicals enterprise).
3.2 Establish a municipal hazardous chemicals accident emergency materials reserve
Relying on the large and medium-sized hazardous chemicals enterprises in Guangzhou, the site is comprehensively considering the use of all the above-scale hazardous chemicals production, storage and licenses; combined with the location of dangerous chemicals accidents in Guangzhou; The distribution of emergency rescue teams and hazardous chemicals storage enterprises, and the selection of emergency materials reserve enterprises. For example, in a certain district of Guangzhou, combined with the Beijing-Zhuhai, Daguang Expressway section, three emergency rescue teams and four warehousing enterprises, the company has selected seven emergency rescue teams in the region. It is also a storage company's Guangzhou Gas Co., Ltd. as an alternative municipal emergency product emergency reserve. Among the candidate enterprises, enterprises with sufficient reserve of emergency materials are selected to prepare a reservoir of emergency materials for municipal hazardous chemicals accidents.
Update the emergency materials database of hazardous chemicals in the emergency production and rescue command system of Guangzhou City, and generate a map of emergency materials management for hazardous chemicals accidents, including hazardous chemicals enterprises, non-hazardous chemicals enterprises, emergency rescue teams, emergency supplies and reserves. Library five layers.
3.3 Formulate the emergency material management system for municipal hazardous chemicals accidents
Formulate management measures for emergency materials in municipal hazardous chemicals accidents, systematically and regularly manage emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents in Guangzhou from specific division of responsibilities for emergency materials management of hazardous chemicals accidents, detailed emergency materials storage methods, and materials calling procedures. . Forming a standardized management model for emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents, and providing great assistance for the deployment of materials in the emergency rescue work of hazardous chemicals in Guangzhou.
4 Conclusion
(1) According to China's urban scale classification criteria, analyze the characteristics of hazardous chemicals accidents and emergency materials in Guangzhou and other large cities, and clarify the necessity and importance of emergency materials management for dangerous chemicals in megacities.
(2) Detailed classification of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents, providing a more convenient and unified method for the classification and management of emergency materials for hazardous chemicals accidents.
(3) For the management of emergency materials for dangerous chemicals in megacities with strong professionalism, from the perspective of hazardous chemicals accidents and their emergency materials, construct a catastrophic emergency management system for catastrophic chemicals in megacities, and give a system, An informative work development process.
(4) Taking Guangzhou as a research example, it demonstrates the practicability of emergency materials management system for hazardous chemicals accidents, and has certain guiding significance for scientifically and effectively carrying out emergency materials management for dangerous chemicals in megacities.
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