　　 From a scientific point of view, to make its full manure fertilizer, winter manure, manure storage should pay attention to the following points.
The fertilizer pile should not be small and the cold weather is cold. In order to promote the warming and fermenting of the fertilizer pile, the fertilizer piles for composting in winter should be appropriately increased. Usually three to four meters in diameter, preferably about 2 meters high, it can use 2 meters high, 1.5 to 2 meters wide and 4 meters long rectangular compost pile. If the pile is too low and too narrow, the cold is invaded, the heat is lost quickly, the fertilizer is slow and the quality is poor.
In addition, some farmers transport fertilizer to small piles of farmland or sprinkle on the ground during the winter and spring seasons. These practices are very unfavorable for nitrogen conservation. According to the measurement, when the fertilizer is dumped into small piles, the nitrogen will lose about 30% , and the ground will lose about 64% , while the large piles will only lose about 10% in winter and spring . Therefore, in general, winter and spring fertilizer should be stored in large piles in the ground, and then sprinkled into the ground before ploughing is good.
Covering soil and mud-retaining fertilizers in winter, in addition to large piles of fertilizers or storage fertilizers, measures should be taken to cover the soil around the piles and at the top of the piles: that is, cover a layer of soil or a layer of wheat straw mud, which can not enter the cold heap, heat can not loose hair effect. At the same time, the cover soil seals the passage of nitrogen volatilization loss and reduces the loss of nitrogen. According to the determination, at the same time, the loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer mulch stack putty is below 10%, without loss of nitrogen mulch putty is about 30%.
Ash manure should be stored separately as ash ash, which is an alkaline fertilizer. Mixing with manure can cause a sharp drop in nitrogen in manure. According to the test: after 3 days, the manure nitrogen loss was about 40% , and after 3 months, the loss was about 95% . After 3 days without padding or uncovered manure, only about 5% was lost, and the loss was after 3 months. About 48% . Therefore, in the winter composting process, the ash dung must be stored separately, avoid mixing.
Adding phosphorus and nitrogen to the fertilizer pile is good to mix 2% to 3% of superphosphate or more than 5% of phosphate rock in the pile to store and store, which can play a significant role in nitrogen retention. According to the test, if the superphosphate is mixed in the fertilizer pile , the nitrogen loss will only be about 3.10% after 4 months , and the loss of the uncalcium phosphate will be about 45% ; after 4 months of adding the phosphate rock powder , the nitrogen loss will be 5.40. About % , without the addition of phosphate rock, it lost about 49.60% . Therefore, we must pay attention to adding some phosphate fertilizer when composting. Phosphorus and nitrogen conservation will have a multiplier effect.
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