The broad-leaved Dalbergia, belonging to the Fabaceae family under the subfamily Papilionoideae, is typically a deciduous tree with an umbrella-like canopy. These trees are often found in wet regions where they remain evergreen. They can grow up to 20 to 40 meters tall, with a trunk diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 meters. The bark is generally gray. Its leaves are alternately arranged, pinnate with 5 to 7 leaflets per branch. The leaves are broad and rounded, giving the species its name "broad-leaved Dalbergia," and are a rich dark green. Flowers are white, about 0.5 to 1.0 cm in size. The pods turn brown upon maturity and split open, containing 1 to 4 seeds that are also brown. The root system is well-developed, featuring a deep central taproot along with extensive lateral roots and nitrogen-fixing nodules.
In India, this tree is known by various names such as sitsal, beete, shisham, Bombay blackwood, East Indian rosewood, Indian palisandre, and Malabar. In Indonesia, it's referred to as Java palisandre, sonokleling, or sonobrits. In Japan and Taiwan, it is commonly called "Huangye Dalbergia" or "Guangye Rosewood." In Guangdong, China, people often call it "oily twigs." In the old furniture trade, particularly in Shanghai and other areas, the broad-leaved Dalbergia from India is affectionately known as "Purple Pear."
Broad-leaved Dalbergia is highly valued not only for its beauty but also for its symbolic significance. Known as one of the treasures of the Dalbergia genus, the preference for purple in Chinese culture highlights its elegance and luxury. The idiom "purple gas to the east" associates the color purple with auspiciousness and dignity. Thus, the term "Purple Pear" carries a poetic and noble connotation, similar to "Huanghua Pear." The current national standard GB/T18107-2000 categorizes broad-leaved Dalbergia as a type of black rosewood.
Ecologically, this species thrives in the monsoon forests of Asia, tolerating mature trees that can withstand drought and surface fires. It prefers temperatures ranging from 0°C to 50°C and humidity levels between 40% and 100%. It grows at elevations ranging from low plains to 1,500 meters above sea level. It is often found alongside teak (Tectona grandis), Terminalia species, Anogeissus latifolia, and bamboo forests. This tree flourishes in damp, well-drained soils, whether dark or calcareous clay.
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