Piston vacuum pumps are rotary variable-capacity vacuum pumps that must be operated before the stage pump. They are widely used across various pressure ranges and offer high pumping speeds. These pumps are ideal for extracting gases without dust or water vapor, and they are commonly applied in industries such as metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, and electronic coating.
What is the standard for a well-maintained piston vacuum pump?
1. The pump body should be clean, with all parts intact and in good condition.
2. Instruments like the vacuum gauge and ammeter must be complete, accurate, and regularly calibrated.
3. The foundation must be solid, with all anchor bolts and fasteners properly tightened.
4. Piping and valves should be installed correctly, clearly marked, and meet technical standards.
5. All clearances between components must be within acceptable limits.
What are the operating performance requirements for a piston vacuum pump?
- The equipment must be well lubricated with oil meeting specified quality standards.
- It should operate smoothly, with minimal vibration and noise.
- During load operation, temperature, pressure, and other parameters must remain within safe limits.
What are the technical information requirements for a piston vacuum pump to be in good condition?
- Complete equipment documentation with accurate and reliable data.
- Accurate maintenance and inspection records.
- Full set of equipment cards and accident logs.
- Complete operation records and detailed operating procedures.
- Complete diagrams of fragile parts and assembly structures.
What are the environmental requirements for a piston vacuum pump?
- The pump body should be clean, free from dust and grease.
- No water, waste liquid, or debris should accumulate on the base or surrounding area.
- Valves and pipe fittings must not leak.
- Packing seals should not exceed allowable leakage levels.
How to perform routine maintenance on a piston vacuum pump?
- Keep the surrounding area clean, dry, and well-ventilated.
- Check cooling water flow and lubricant levels.
- Regularly inspect fastening bolts for looseness.
- Monitor vacuum tank level and check vacuum gauge readings.
- Observe equipment operation for unusual sounds or vibrations.
- Follow operating procedures strictly and report any issues promptly.
What causes motor overload in a piston vacuum pump, and how to fix it?
- Causes: Small eccentric ring gap, damaged connecting rod, or poor exhaust.
- Solutions: Adjust the eccentric ring gap, repair or replace the connecting rod, and check and clear the exhaust valve.
What causes impact during operation of a piston vacuum pump, and how to resolve it?
- Causes: Loose piston rod nut, worn connecting rod bushings, large bearing clearance, worn eccentric ring, or debris in the cylinder.
- Solutions: Tighten the piston rod nut, repair or replace bushings and crossheads, adjust bearings, replace gaskets, and clean the cylinder.
When should a piston vacuum pump be emergency stopped?
- If there is abnormal vibration or noise.
- If the ammeter reading exceeds the rated value and does not drop.
- If liquid enters the pump or poses a risk of entering.
- If cooling water supply is cut off.
What is included in minor repairs of a piston vacuum pump?
- Tighten all bolts.
- Clean the water jacket and valve chamber.
- Replace piston rod packing, valve stem packing, springs, and adjust valve positions.
- Adjust eccentric ring and connecting rod gaps.
- Inspect and adjust piston clearance.
What is included in major repairs of a piston vacuum pump?
- Includes minor repair tasks.
- Inspect and replace crosshead pins and connecting rod bushings.
- Check and replace valve rods, neck bushings, and valve seats.
- Inspect and replace piston rings and piston rods.
- Measure and adjust component clearances.
- Overhaul the motor.
What is included in overhaul of a piston vacuum pump?
- Includes major repair tasks.
- Disassemble and inspect the cylinder, measure wear, and repair or replace as needed.
- Repair or replace eccentric components and rings.
- Repair or replace the crankshaft and connecting rod.
- Inspect and replace crossheads, pistons, and piston rods.
What are the quality standards for cylinder repair on a piston vacuum pump?
- Cylinder roundness and cylindricity must be measured.
- Boring or replacement is determined based on wear.
- The inner surface must be free from cracks, pits, scars, or grooves.
- After boring, the diameter increase must not exceed 2% of the original size.
- Wall thinning must not exceed 1/12 of the original thickness.
- The water jacket must have no cracks or leaks.
What are the maintenance standards for the crankshaft of a piston vacuum pump?
- Measure journal and crankshaft wear to determine repair or replacement.
- Main journals can be repaired using plating or spraying methods.
- Wear values must comply with Table 1 specifications.
- Maximum reduction in journal diameter should not exceed 3% of the original.
- Surface damage must not exceed 2% of the journal area, and grooves deeper than 10mm require grinding.
- Non-destructive testing or visual inspection is required.
- Crankshaft parallelism should be 0.20–0.30 mm.
- Straightness must not exceed 0.05 mm.
What are the repair standards for bearings in a piston vacuum pump?
- Bearing alloy must be well bonded, crack-free, and free from delamination.
- Contact area between the bearing shell and housing should be at least 40–50%.
- Contact angle for shims should be 60–90%, with at least 2–3 contact points per cm².
- Radial clearance between bearing and journal should be 1/1000 of the journal diameter.
What are the overhaul standards for the piston and piston rings?
- Surfaces must be smooth, with no cracks, pits, or scratches.
- Installation clearance and allowable wear must follow specifications.
- Piston rings must have sufficient elasticity, with contact area covering at least 60% of the cylinder circumference.
- Ring gaps should be staggered by 120°.
- Clearance and backlash must be within allowed limits.
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