Fire Extinguisher Classification
There are various types of fire extinguishers, which can be categorized based on their mobility and the type of extinguishing agent they use. In terms of movement, they are divided into portable and wheeled models. Based on the power source that expels the extinguishing agent, they fall into three main categories: gas cylinder type, pressure-stored type, and chemical reaction type. As for the type of extinguishing agent, they include foam, dry powder, halon, carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚), acid-alkali, and water-based extinguishers. Each type is designed to tackle specific fire classes, making it essential to choose the right one for the situation.
Portable Fire Extinguisher Use and Application
1. **Foam Fire Extinguishers**
These are suitable for Class A and Class B fires, such as those involving wood, paper, or flammable liquids like oil and grease. However, they are not effective against fires involving water-soluble liquids like alcohol, esters, or ketones. They should not be used on live electrical equipment or Class C (gas) and D (metal) fires.
To use a foam extinguisher, carry it upright to the fire. Avoid tilting it too much, as this may cause premature mixing of the internal chemicals. Once within 10 meters of the fire, invert the extinguisher and aim the nozzle at the base of the flames. For liquid fires, spray from a distance to cover the surface with foam, avoiding direct impact on the liquid to prevent splashing. For solid material fires, focus on the most intense part of the fire and move closer as the spray range shortens. Always keep the extinguisher upright during use.
Storage conditions are important—keep them in a cool, dry place, away from heat sources. In cold weather, ensure antifreeze measures are taken to prevent freezing. Regular cleaning of the nozzle is also necessary to maintain functionality.
2. **Chemical Foam Fire Extinguishers**
The operation is similar to standard foam extinguishers but typically requires two people. One person moves the extinguisher close to the fire, while the other opens the valve and sprays the foam. The process involves turning the handle to release the agent, ensuring a continuous flow. These extinguishers are ideal for large-scale fires, such as in storage tanks or tankers, due to their long reach and extended spraying time.
3. **Air-Driven Foam Fire Extinguishers**
These are similar to chemical foam extinguishers but use compressed air instead of a chemical reaction to generate foam. They can also be used on water-soluble flammable liquids, making them more versatile. When using, lift the extinguisher and quickly approach the fire. At about 6 meters away, pull the safety pin, press the handle, and direct the jet toward the fire. Always keep the extinguisher upright and hold the handle firmly to avoid interruption.
4. **Acid-Alkali Fire Extinguishers**
Designed for Class A fires, such as those involving wood, fabric, or paper, these extinguishers are not suitable for Class B, C, or D fires, nor for electrical fires. To use, carry the extinguisher upright, and when near the fire, invert it and shake slightly to mix the contents. Aim the jet at the hottest part of the fire and gradually move closer as the spray decreases.
5. **Carbon Dioxide (COâ‚‚) Fire Extinguishers**
Ideal for electrical fires and small flammable liquid fires, CO₂ extinguishers do not leave residue. Stand about 5 meters from the fire, hold the horn with one hand, and operate the valve with the other. Do not touch the horn’s outer surface directly, as it can cause frostbite. For liquid fires, spray from the base of the flame, moving outward to fully cover the surface. Avoid spraying directly onto the liquid to prevent splashing and spreading the fire.
Proper use and maintenance of fire extinguishers are critical in ensuring safety and effectiveness during emergencies. Always check the Pressure Gauge and expiration date before use, and ensure all users are trained in their correct operation.
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