**Abstract**
Machine tools are essential mechanical processing equipment in modern industry. As the level of automation in machine tools continues to rise, the role of data systems has become increasingly critical. Despite this, China's machine tool industry still faces significant challenges in the high-end sector. On one hand, there is a lack of sufficient hardware technologies such as multi-axis systems and precision tools; on the other hand, domestic production of CNC systems remains limited, making it difficult to support full-scale automated manufacturing.
With the rapid advancement of computer technology, traditional manufacturing industries have undergone profound transformations. Many industrialized nations have invested heavily in developing modern manufacturing technologies and have introduced new production models. In contemporary manufacturing systems, numerical control (NC) technology stands out as a key enabler. It integrates advanced technologies such as computing, information processing, automatic detection, and control, offering advantages like high precision, efficiency, and flexible automation. These characteristics make NC technology a cornerstone of modern manufacturing, driving progress toward greater integration and intelligence.
At the heart of every machine tool lies the CNC system. Currently, even domestically produced CNC machines with improved quality often rely on imported high-precision ball screws and bearings from Japan. While China has made progress in producing these components, issues with accuracy and longevity persist. Major Chinese machine tool manufacturers still source 100% of their CNC systems from overseas.
After years of effort, China’s CNC systems have seen considerable growth. However, over 90% of the CNC systems used in high-end machine tools remain foreign-made, especially for those required by the defense industry. Key factors such as performance, functionality, reliability, and cost are still controlled by foreign suppliers, creating a major bottleneck for China’s development in high-end CNC technology.
To accelerate the growth of the CNC industry, the Chinese government has introduced various policies. The State Council approved the "Equipment Manufacturing Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" and the national science and technology major special program "High-End CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment." These initiatives aim to create a favorable environment for the development of China’s CNC technology. The plan emphasizes the importance of combining equipment autonomy with key projects, as well as promoting independent development alongside the introduction and absorption of foreign technologies. Improving the market share of basic components like CNC systems is a vital step toward achieving equipment self-reliance.
The "High-end CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment" project also sets a clear goal: by 2020, the market share of domestically produced CNC systems in both general and high-end machine tools should exceed 60%. This represents a huge opportunity for the domestic industry, with an estimated 120,000 units of potential replacement in the future.
In conclusion, shaping a development strategy that aligns with global CNC technology trends is essential for China’s long-term success in this field. By establishing a path that meets international standards, the country can drive innovation in CNC systems, functional components, and machine tools. This will not only enhance technological capabilities but also strengthen the competitiveness of the entire machine tool industry in the 21st century.
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