**Abstract**
Machine tools are essential mechanical processing equipment in modern manufacturing. As the level of automation in machine tools continues to rise, the role of data systems has become increasingly significant. Currently, China's machine tool industry has not yet fully entered the high-end segment. One reason is that key hardware technologies, such as multi-axis systems and precision tools, are still insufficient. Another issue is the low degree of domestic production in CNC systems, which limits their ability to support advanced automation processes effectively.
With the rapid advancement of computer technology, traditional manufacturing industries have undergone profound transformations. Industrialized nations have heavily invested in researching and developing modern manufacturing technologies, introducing new models of production. In today’s manufacturing systems, numerical control (NC) technology stands at the core. It integrates advanced technologies like computers, information processing, automatic detection, and control, offering features such as high precision, efficiency, and flexible automation. These characteristics make NC technology a crucial driver for the development of intelligent, integrated, and automated manufacturing.
The heart of a machine tool lies in its CNC system. Even domestically produced CNC machines with better quality often rely on imported high-precision ball screws and bearings from Japan. While China has made progress in producing these components, issues related to accuracy and durability remain. Major Chinese machine tool manufacturers currently outsource 100% of their CNC systems, highlighting a critical dependency on foreign technology.
Despite years of effort, China’s CNC systems have seen significant growth. However, over 90% of the CNC systems used in high-end machine tools are still foreign-made. This is particularly true for high-end CNC systems required by the defense industry. Foreign countries continue to impose restrictions on key aspects such as performance, functionality, reliability, and cost, creating a major bottleneck for China’s development in this area.
To accelerate the growth of the CNC industry, the Chinese government has introduced several policies. The State Council approved the implementation of the "Equipment Manufacturing Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" and the "High-End CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment" national science and technology major special program. These initiatives aim to create a favorable environment for the development of CNC technology in China. The plan emphasizes the importance of combining self-reliance with key projects, as well as the integration of independent development and the absorption of foreign technologies.
The national science and technology project "High-End CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment" also sets a goal: by 2020, the market share of domestic high-end CNC systems should significantly increase. According to one of the major national projects, by 2020, the domestic CNC systems used in both general and high-end CNC machine tools should reach over 60% in the market. This represents a huge opportunity for the future development of the industry.
In conclusion, in the coming years, it is essential for China to develop an overall strategy aligned with the current state of global CNC technology. Establishing a development path that meets international standards will be vital for the sustainable growth of CNC technology and the broader machine tool industry in the 21st century. Based on this foundation, China can drive innovation in the technical development of CNC systems, functional components, and machine tools alike.
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