Fire Extinguisher Classification
There are various types of fire extinguishers, which can be categorized into two main groups based on their mobility: portable and wheeled (cart-type) models. Depending on the power source that propels the extinguishing agent, they can be classified as gas cylinder type, pressure-stored type, or chemical reaction type. Additionally, they can be divided by the type of fire-suppressing agent they contain, such as foam, dry powder, halogenated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚), acid-alkali, and water-based agents.
Each type of fire extinguisher is designed to combat specific classes of fires, and proper usage is essential for effectiveness and safety.
Portable Foam Fire Extinguishers
These extinguishers are suitable for Class A (solid materials like wood, paper, and fabric) and Class B (liquid fires like oil and grease) fires. However, they are not effective against fires involving water-soluble flammable liquids such as alcohol, ether, ketones, or esters. They should not be used on live electrical equipment (Class C) or metal fires (Class D).
To use a foam extinguisher, carry it upright to the fire, avoiding tilting or turning it upside down. When approximately 10 meters away from the fire, turn it upside down and aim the nozzle at the base of the flames. For liquid fires, spray from a distance to cover the surface with foam, avoiding direct impact on the liquid to prevent splashing. For solid fires, aim at the most intense part of the fire and move closer as the spray range decreases. Always keep the extinguisher upright during use.
Storage recommendations include keeping it in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and direct sunlight. In cold weather, take anti-freezing measures. Regular cleaning of the nozzle is also important.
Other Types of Fire Extinguishers
Chemical foam extinguishers require two people to operate effectively. One person directs the nozzle while the other opens the valve. These are ideal for large-scale initial fires in storage tanks or tankers.
Air-pressurized foam extinguishers function similarly but can also handle water-soluble flammable liquids. They should always be kept upright and never used upside down.
Acid-alkali extinguishers are only suitable for Class A fires. They cannot be used on electrical or flammable gas fires. To use, lift the cylinder and avoid tilting it until you reach the fire. Once close enough, invert it and shake to mix the contents. Aim at the center of the fire and move closer as needed.
Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) extinguishers are best for electrical fires and small liquid fires. Hold the handle firmly, and avoid touching the horn or metal parts to prevent frostbite. Spray from near to far, avoiding direct contact with the liquid surface to prevent spreading the fire.
Proper training and regular maintenance ensure that fire extinguishers are ready when needed, providing critical protection in emergency situations.
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