The primary pollutants generated by ferroalloys include soot, solid waste, and wastewater. Among these, soot poses the most significant environmental challenge. As per regulations, exhaust gases can be categorized into two main types: particulate matter emissions and gaseous pollutants. In ferroalloy plants, exhaust gases originate from various sources such as electric arc furnaces for ore processing, refining electric furnaces, rotary kilns used for roasting, multi-layer mechanical roasting furnaces, and aluminum smelting furnaces. These facilities release substantial amounts of exhaust gases, characterized by high dust concentrations. Approximately 90% of this exhaust consists of silica, but it also includes harmful substances like chlorine gas, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Additionally, chromium waste and wastewater contribute significantly to the contamination caused by chromium compounds.
To address these issues, the State Economic and Trade Commission, alongside the State Environmental Protection Administration and other relevant bodies, jointly released the "Opinions on Accelerating the Structural Adjustment of China's Ferroalloy Industry" (National Economic and Trade Industry [1999] No. 633). This directive aimed to halt the construction of new types of ferroalloy electric furnaces (kilns) and blast furnaces between 1999 and 2005.
Presently, national environmental authorities are actively developing stricter environmental policies and regulations. Their efforts also involve phasing out outdated production capacities to promote centralized industrial management and enhance pollution control measures. These steps are crucial in ensuring sustainable development within the industry while reducing its environmental footprint. While progress has been made, continuous monitoring and adaptation remain essential to mitigate future risks effectively.
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