During the development of a gas turbine controller, it's common for the controller's design to progress much faster than the physical turbine itself. Waiting for the turbine's full development before testing the controller on-site can significantly extend the project timeline and leave the controller's performance unverified, which increases the technical risks during the actual turbine testing phase. To address this, semi-physical simulation tests can be conducted once the controller’s hardware and software are completed. These tests help ensure the control system is functioning as intended, reducing potential issues later on.
A typical gas turbine consists of several key components, including the generator, compressor, turbine, combustion chamber, and regenerator. Each plays a critical role in the overall operation and efficiency of the system. The integration of these parts requires precise control and coordination, especially during start-up and operation.
At the beginning of the gas turbine's start-up process, the motor is engaged via a soft starter unit, which helps gradually accelerate the turbine. Once the ignition speed is reached, the controller activates the ignition nozzle, fuel shut-off valve, and regulating valve to initiate the combustion process. This step is crucial for ensuring a safe and controlled ignition.
Once the ignition is successful, the turbine begins generating power, and the generator starts to assist in increasing the turbine's speed. This phase is known as "double-dragging." During this time, the control system continuously monitors the generator's starting current. When the current drops below a certain threshold, the motor's drive circuit is automatically disconnected. From this point onward, the turbine operates independently at idle speed, marking the end of the start-up sequence.
To enhance the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine across different power levels, it often employs a variable-speed and variable-power control strategy. The control system dynamically adjusts the turbine's speed based on the load requirements, optimizing its performance under various operating conditions. This adaptive approach ensures that the turbine runs efficiently and reliably, regardless of the demand.
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