**Abstract**
Foreword: On January 22nd, the Central Committee of the Comprehensive Deepening Reform Leading Group held its first meeting, placing economic system reform and ecological civilization system reform under a special group. This move holds significant meaning, as it indicates that at the top-level design stage, the formulation and adjustment of China’s economic policies will now take into account the needs of ecological civilization construction. Similarly, the development of environmental policies will also consider the existing economic environment to enhance their practicality.
In recent years, developed countries have emphasized green industrial transformation and the establishment of a green industrial system, achieving notable success. This demonstrates that for China to resolve the contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection, it must pursue a sustainable path.
What is an eco-industrial park? In short, it is a new type of industrial organization based on the principles of circular economy, industrial ecology, and clean production. It serves as a hub for eco-industries. The traditional model of industrialization has been criticized for overusing natural resources and harming the environment. Therefore, building ecological industrial parks and developing green industries has become an inevitable choice for achieving new industrialization.
This is also a necessary step for the Changsha Economic Development Zone. As Party Secretary Yang Shuwen stated in 2014, the zone aims to develop high-end industrial parks, ecological demonstration areas, and livable communities through reform, innovation, and upgrading. The construction of a green and beautiful park was included among the three major goals for that year.
The Changsha Economic Development Zone has long prioritized ecological development. Recently, it launched the creation of a National Eco-Industrial Demonstration Park, which has brought about a new look: green trees, clear water, clean roads, lush vegetation, and well-designed factories, residential areas, schools, and commercial facilities. The planning of industrial zones, commercial areas, and educational zones has redefined the traditional concept of “industrial parks.â€
**Creating an Ecological Atmosphere in the Park**
Located at No. 26 Xiaoxiang Middle Road in the Changsha Economic Development Zone, Bosch Automotive Parts (Changsha) Co., Ltd. showcases many energy-saving and environmentally friendly features. The R&D building uses automatic sensing curtains that adjust according to external light intensity. The factory’s skylight area is significantly larger than previous designs, maximizing natural lighting and reducing electricity consumption. Office lighting uses time-controlled switches to automatically turn off during lunch breaks and after work hours. High-power utilities are equipped with variable frequency control systems to achieve energy savings and emission reductions.
Wei Yan, general manager of the company, noted that the Changsha Economic Development Zone Management Committee now emphasizes the construction of low-carbon parks. When introducing new projects, energy efficiency and environmental protection are key criteria. Innovative and energy-saving technology projects like theirs receive policy and financial support.
On December 25, 2010, the "Changsha Economic Development Demonstration Park Construction Plan" and the "Technical Report on the Construction of the National Eco-industrial Demonstration Park in Changsha Economic Development Zone" were approved by experts from the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Ministry of Science and Technology. These documents clarified the direction for eco-industrial park development.
Subsequent policies such as the "Five-Year Action Plan for the Establishment of the National Eco-industrial Demonstration Park in Changsha Economic Development Zone (2011–2015)" were issued, breaking down tasks among departments and incorporating them into annual performance evaluations. Incentive policies like the "Eco-Park Special Fund Management Measures (Trial)" were introduced, allocating budgets and providing financial incentives for enterprises undergoing ecological transformation.
Li Keming, director of the management committee, emphasized that transitioning from traditional industrial parks to eco-industrial parks requires continuous optimization, environmental improvement, and changes in economic behavior. While the zone has laid a solid foundation, this transition remains a long-term goal and a key part of sustainable development.
**Developing a Clean Economy: Transitioning from Traditional to Emerging Industries**
In 2013, a large coatings company in the zone planned to increase investment, expecting a significant boost in output value. However, the management committee rejected the project during the EIA process, as it did not align with the ecological park's requirements. Huang Yao, deputy director in charge of environmental protection, explained that the zone aims to be a hub for advanced productivity, efficient industrial organization, and high resource utilization.
Through structural emission reduction, several high-polluting enterprises, including Lejin Philips Shuguang Electronics Co., Ltd. and Hunan HEG Electronic Glass Co., Ltd., were phased out. This led to an annual COD reduction of 203 tons and sulfur dioxide reduction of 74 tons. Meanwhile, new low-cost enterprises such as Bosch Automotive Parts and GAC Fiat Changsha Company entered the park.
GAC Fiat Changsha Company invested 120 million yuan in pollution control. Using TAR technology, they achieved a 99% processing efficiency for organic waste gas from paint drying. They also built a sewage treatment plant with a daily capacity of 1,920 tons, meeting or exceeding national discharge standards. More than 50% of treated wastewater is reused for greening and cleaning. Wang Qiujing, executive vice president, mentioned that the company further upgraded its sewage treatment system in 2012, applying MBR-RO membrane technology to the automotive industry.
The management committee encourages enterprises to adopt clean production technologies and meet secondary standard limits for air pollutants. In 2013, three sewage treatment plants operated stably, treating 85.18 million tons of sewage and reducing COD by 16,841 tons and ammonia nitrogen by 1,211 tons. An expansion project for the Xingsha Wastewater Treatment Plant worth 180 million yuan began construction.
**Building a Waste Recycling Metabolic Chain**
Hunan Wanrong Technology Co., Ltd. established an electronic waste treatment center in the park, aiming to reduce solid waste, especially e-waste. The center is expected to dismantle 600,000 discarded appliances annually. It also built a waste emulsion disposal center with a capacity of 20,000 tons per year, serving Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan. Chairman Ming Guoying emphasized that by integrating industrial by-products into the supply chain, resources can be optimally allocated and circulated.
The zone focuses on developing the vein industry to build a waste recycling metabolic chain, realizing the reuse of waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste. Through “green investment†and “recycling,†the zone has implemented a circular economy model of “recycling - reuse - design - production.â€
To optimize resource allocation, the zone introduced specialized high-end components, improving the supporting industrial chains for construction machinery, automotive manufacturing, and electronics.
**Controlling Pollution at the Source – Achieving Scientific Environmental Management**
Strict checks are applied to construction projects, and those not aligned with the park’s overall plan or industrial positioning are prohibited. “Two high and one capital†projects are banned. The environmental impact assessment system and the “three simultaneous†system are strictly enforced, with rewards for enterprises undergoing ecological transformation and pollution control.
The zone invested 6.8 million yuan to build an environmental online monitoring system, integrating key pollution sources, drinking water quality, surface water quality, and air quality. Real-time monitoring of 12 key enterprises and 3 centralized sewage treatment plants is now in place, along with online monitoring of air and surface water quality.
**Promoting Integration of Production and Cities – Creating a Livable Environment**
The name “Jingkai District†does not suggest an industrial area, but rather a vibrant urban space. Planning, construction, and management reflect the level and function of a green eco-city. Quantang Park, completed in 2013, covers 50 acres and includes six functional areas for leisure, entertainment, and children’s activities.
At the Chengnan Wastewater Treatment Plant, treated water is used to raise fish, showcasing the effective reuse of industrial and domestic wastewater. Last year, the zone built 16 kilometers of roads, 14 kilometers of rainwater pipelines, and 250,000 square meters of green spaces. Sanitation and garbage collection follow a market-oriented operation and property management model, reducing costs and improving service levels.
Under the concept of industrial, urban, and environmental development, the zone aims to become a modern, livable, and industrious city. The interaction between the two cities enhances each other, with urban upgrades enabling industrial progress and vice versa. By focusing on ecological development, the zone continues to improve ecosystems, create green spaces, and provide residents with a comfortable and fulfilling work environment.
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