Hay
During the lush grassland season, hay is harvested when the weather is dry and then dried within the same day or the next. To ensure quality, hay should have a moisture content of less than 14%, be free from impurities like dust or debris, and retain its natural green aroma. If the moisture level is too high, the forage can become moldy, fermented, or even catch fire due to internal combustion. Proper drying and storage are essential to maintain its nutritional value and safety.
Silage
Silage is a preservation method where fresh forages such as crops, pastures, weeds, and leaves are stored in an oxygen-free environment. Through microbial fermentation, an acidic environment is created that inhibits harmful bacteria and preserves the feed. This process not only retains the nutrients but also enhances the flavor and juiciness of the feed, making it more palatable for livestock. Additionally, silage reduces nutrient loss during storage and requires less space compared to other methods.
The success of silage depends on several key factors: airtight sealing, sufficient sugar content, and proper moisture levels. To achieve this, farmers are encouraged to build silage pits, which can also be used for ammoniating straw. These pits are typically made of cement and stone, with the size depending on the number of animals. On average, each sheep requires about 300 kg of silage during winter and spring, while one cubic meter of silage pit can hold approximately 750–800 kg of feed.
Silage materials should be cut into short pieces, usually 3–5 cm in length, to help compact the material effectively. As the raw materials are layered in the pit, the juices will begin to seep out, indicating the start of fermentation. Once fully packed, the pit is covered with a plastic sheet and weighted down with stones. After about a month, the silage is ready for use and can be stored for a long time without significant loss of quality.
If the quantity of silage needed is small, plastic bags can be used instead of a silage pit. However, care must be taken to prevent the bags from tearing, as this could lead to spoilage. Whether using a pit or a bag, maintaining airtight conditions is crucial for successful silage production. With proper techniques, farmers can efficiently store large amounts of forage, ensuring a steady supply for their livestock throughout the year.
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