Hay
During the lush grassland season, hay is harvested when the weather is dry and then dried within the same day or the next. The moisture content of hay should be kept below 14% to ensure quality. It must be free from impurities like dirt or debris and should retain its natural green scent and aroma. If the moisture level is too high, the forage can easily become moldy, fermented, or even catch fire due to internal combustion. Proper drying and handling are essential to maintain the nutritional value and safety of the hay.
Silage
Silage is a method of preserving fresh feed crops, pastures, weeds, and leaves by storing them in an anaerobic environment. Through microbial fermentation, an acidic environment is created, which helps suppress harmful bacteria and preserve the feed. This process not only maintains the nutrients but also makes the feed more juicy and palatable. The fermentation process adds a slight acidity and fragrance that enhances the feed’s appeal to animals. Additionally, silage reduces nutrient loss during storage and requires less space compared to other preservation methods.
The success of silage depends on several key factors: airtight sealing, sufficient sugar content, and proper moisture levels. To achieve this, farmers are advised to build a silo or pit. These structures are not only useful for making silage but can also be used for ammoniating straw. Silos can be constructed using materials like cement and stone, with the size depending on the number of livestock. Typically, each sheep requires about 300 kg of silage during winter and spring, and a silo with a volume of one cubic meter can hold approximately 750-800 kg of feed.
Silage materials should be cut into short lengths, usually around 3-5 cm, to help compact the layers effectively. As the material is placed into the silo, it should be layered until the juices begin to seep out. Once filled, the top should be covered with plastic film and weighted down with stones to ensure a tight seal. After about a month, the silo can be opened and the silage consumed. It can be stored for a long time if properly sealed. For smaller quantities, plastic bags can be used instead of a silo, but care must be taken to prevent the bags from tearing or puncturing.
Proper management of both hay and silage plays a crucial role in maintaining a stable and nutritious feed supply throughout the year. Whether you're raising cattle, sheep, or other livestock, understanding these preservation techniques can greatly improve your feeding strategy and reduce waste.
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