Zinc oxide, primarily composed of ZnO, typically has a purity range of 45% to 65%, with the "secondary" referring to this grade. In China, regions such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Hunan are major producers, with most zinc oxide being further processed into electrolytic zinc or used for other industrial applications. The price of zinc oxide varies slightly between manufacturers, but it generally hovers around 7,500 yuan per ton.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, China's rapid economic growth has led to increased domestic demand for zinc oxide, driving up its price. This trend has significantly boosted the development of production companies, with production capacities continuously expanding. According to incomplete statistics over the past year, indirect zinc oxide production capacity at 99.7% purity has surpassed 300,000 tons annually. Meanwhile, direct method zinc oxide with 85-99.5% purity has an annual capacity exceeding 600,000 tons, and wet zinc oxide with 90-99% purity has an annual output over 100,000 tons. Overall, the total annual production capacity of finished zinc oxide exceeds 1 million tons, excluding raw materials for 85% sub-oxide.
Zinc oxide production is a widely distributed industry involving numerous manufacturers and using various raw materials. The production technology is relatively simple and extensive, but there is still significant potential for improving the comprehensive recycling of zinc resources. In recent years, the growth rate of zinc oxide production has been accelerating, especially in the fields of indirect zinc oxide and wet zinc oxide, which have seen rapid development driven by the expansion of China's automotive industry, highway construction, power grids, home appliances, and digital communications, as well as aquaculture. For example, radial tires have grown at a rate of over 25% annually in the past three years, and by June 2008, they accounted for more than 70% of total tire capacity, contributing to the fast growth of indirect zinc oxide. The tire and rubber industry remains the largest consumer of zinc oxide, accounting for over 60% of total usage, including both indirect and direct forms as well as wet zinc oxide.
Zinc oxide is a white or slightly yellow fine powder that disperses easily in rubber and latex. It acts as a reinforcing agent, activator, and vulcanizing agent for natural and synthetic rubbers, and also serves as a pigment and filler in white rubber compounds. When active zinc oxide is added to rubber compounds, it enhances abrasion resistance, tear strength, and elasticity. It is used in paint coloring, ink production, linoleum manufacturing, and as a dyeing agent in the textile industry. In the match industry, it neutralizes the acidity of cowhide glue, improves adhesion, and is used as a raw material in pharmaceutical plasters. Additionally, it is used in the production of pigments like zinc chromate, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, and zinc chloride, as well as catalysts for methanol synthesis, desulfurizers for ammonia production, and in glass and glaze manufacturing. Fine-grained active zinc oxide (with particle sizes around 0.1 micrometers) is also used as a light stabilizer for polyolefins and polyvinyl chloride, and finds application in pressure-sensitive materials, photocatalytic processes, photoelectrodes, television development, and more.
Transparent zinc oxide coatings can effectively prevent discoloration of paint films. Beyond cosmetics, this form of zinc oxide is also used in automotive paints, furniture materials, inks, and coatings, as well as anti-aging agents for rubber and plastics. Recently, transparent zinc oxide-coated polyethylene films have been developed for food packaging, improving UV resistance and protecting food quality. With the advancement of high technology, researchers are developing zinc oxide whiskers for use as reinforcement in metals and ceramics, as well as for ceramic components, plastic filters, gas sensors, electromagnetic shielding, and materials with large surface areas. These innovations continue to expand the versatility and importance of zinc oxide across multiple industries.
Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
Polyvinyl alcohol is an important binder or adhesive in textile and construction industry. It has various product appearance, such as granule, fine powder or fiber. Depending on the alcohosis degree, polymerization degree and particle size, all kinds of polyvinyl alcohol grade can be supplied.
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